Dorien Bangma

DECISION-MAKING IN ADHD | 143 Study a Sample characteristics b Comorbidities c Medication d DM task(s) Main results Bangma et al. (2019) ADHD: n (m/f) = 45 (26/19) Age M(SD) = 36.6y (10.2) CG: n (m/f) = 51 (26/25) Age M(SD) = 38.9y (13.2) ≥ 1 comorbid disorder(s) (present): n = 21 Psychiatric diagnosis CG: none All participants were off- medication 48 hours before testing. FDM tests: § Applying decision rules task (DMC1) f § TDT § IGT § FCAI § FDMI § DMC1 e total score: ADHD = CG § TDT total score: ADHD < CG § IGT total netscore: ADHD = CG § FCAI total score: ADHD < CG § FCAI performance on subscales ‘financial abilities’, ‘financial judgment’, ‘financial management’ and ‘financial support resources’: ADHD < CG § FCAI performance on subscales ‘financial cognitive functioning’ and ‘debt management’: ADHD = CG § FDMI total score: ADHD < CG § FDMI performance on subscales ‘identification’ and ‘understanding’: ADHD < CG § FDMI performance on subscales ‘reasoning’, ‘appreciation’ and ‘communication’: ADHD = CG § Financial situation (debts, saving money): ADHD < CG Barkley et al. (2002) ADHD: n (m/f) = 105 (79/26) Age M(SD) = 21.1y (2.7) Age-range: 17-28y CG: n (m/f) = 64 (44/20) Age M(SD) = 21.2y (2.4) ODD: 21.9% (CG: 0%) CD: 4.8% (CG: 0%) Depression and anxiety: ADHD > CG Alcohol and drug use: ADHD > CG Stimulants: n = 17 Anti-depressants: n = 4 All participants were off- medication 24 hours before testing. Anti-depressants users were off-medication for 2 weeks before testing. § DPAS § DPAS percentage correct answers ‘Driver and Traffic Knowledge’: ADHD < CG § DPAS percentage correct answers other subtests: ADHD = CG § Performance in simple driving simulator: ADHD = CG Dai et al. (2016) ADHD: n (m/f) = 31 (14/17) Age M(SD) = 35.3 (13.36) Age-range: 17-64y CG: n (m/f) = 29 (15/14) Age M(SD) = 31.0y (12.35) Mood disorder (present): ADHD: n = 9 CG: n = 0 Anxiety disorder or phobia (present): ADHD: n = 14 CG: n = 4 Alcohol abuse (present): ADHD: n = 4 CG: n = 1 MFD: n = 7 All participants were off- medication 24 hours before testing. Anti-depressants during testing: ADHD: n = 13 / CG: n = 1 § CPT § DDT + PDT § DDT discounting rate: ADHD > CG § PDT discounting rate: ADHD < CG § Level of impulsivity (delay discounting-probability discounting): ADHD > CG § CPT total gain: ADHD = CG Duarte et al. (2012) ADHD MFM-dependent : n (m/f) = 23 (21/2) Age M(SD) = 40.0y (5.9) CG MFM-dependent: n (m/f) = 25 (24/1) Age M(SD) = 40.2y (6.2) CG: n (m/f) = 22 (20/2) Age M(SD) = 43.0y (14.3) Mood disorder (present): ADHD+MFM: n = 4 CG+MFM: n = 5 CG: n = 1 ASPD: CG+MFM: n = 3 ADHD+MFM: n = 10 CG: n = 0 None of the participants in the ADHD group used stimulants. § IGT § IGT total netscore: ADHD MFM-dependent < CG § IGT total netscore: ADHD-MFM dependent with working memory problems < all other participants. § Working memory deficits may moderate the expression of risky decision-making in ADHD participants with MFM dependence. Ernst et al. (2003) ADHD: n (m/f) = 10 (5/5) Age M(SD) = 29.9y (7.3) CG: n (m/f) = 12 (6/6) Age M(SD) = 28.8y (6.6) Comorbid psychiatric disorders (both present/remitted) were part of the exclusion criteria. Stimulants: n = 2 All participants were off- medication 48 hours before testing. § IGT § IGT net scores: ADHD = CG Table continues on the next page