Dorien Bangma

144 | CHAPTER 6 Study a Sample characteristics b Comorbidities c Medication d DM task(s) Main results Gonzalez- Gadea et al. (2013) ADHD: n (m/f) = 22 (14/8) Age M(SD) = 35.3y (12.7) AS: n (m/f) = 23 (15/8) Age M(SD) = 33.0y (9.8) CG: n (m/f) = 21 (11/10) Age M(SD) = 38.3y (14.4) Comorbid psychiatric disorders were part of the exclusion criteria. MFD = 54.5% Atomoxetine = 9.1% Benzodiazepines = 18.8% >50% of the ADHD participants were on- medication during testing. § IGT § IGT total netscore: ADHD = AS = CG § IGT netscore block 2: AS > ADHD Hurst et al. (2011) Sample of university students: ADHD n (m/f) = 21 (5/16) CG: n (m/f) = 218 (70/148) Age both groups ≥ 18y Unknown Unknown § DDT § DDT impulsiveness: ADHD > CG § DDT discounting rate: ADHD > CG § Earnings 1-, 3-, and 10-jaar delay conditions: ADHD < CG § DDT showed a moderate discriminant validity for detecting self-reported ADHD. Ibanez et al. (2012) ADHD: n (m/f) = 12 (11/1) Age M(SD) = 31.4y (11.0) CG: n (m/f) = 25 (16/9) Age M(SD) = 35.1y (11.2) Comorbid psychiatric disorders were part of the exclusion criteria, except generalized anxiety disorders. MFD: n = 12 All participants were off- medication on the day of testing. § IGT § RDMUR § RDGT § IGT total netscore: ADHD = CG § RDMUR total score: ADHD = CG § RDMUR total reaction time: ADHD = CG § RDGT (ERP): Compared to CG, the ADHD group showed a neural pattern that appeared indicative of impaired learning by feedback and an insensitivity to reward magnitude. Malloy- Diniz et al. (2007) ADHD : n (m/f) = 50 (28/22) Age M(SD) = 33.7y (11.7) CG: n (m/f) = 51 (31/20) Age M(SD) = 32.2y (12.9) ≥ 1 comorbid disorder(s) (present): n = 14 Psychiatric diagnoses CG: none None of the participants were long-term MFD users. All participants were off- medication on the day of testing. § IGT § IGT total netscore: ADHD < CG § IGT netscore block 1 and 2: ADHD = CG § IGT netscore block 3, 4 and 5: ADHD < CG Malloy- Diniz et al. (2008) ADHD: n (m/f) = 25 (15/10) Age M(SD) = 31.8 y (9.1) CG English: n (m/f) = 25 (8/17) Age M(SD) = 28.5y (6.5) CG Portuguese: n (m/f) = 25 (10/15) Age M(SD) = 32.1y (8.5) Unknown Psychiatric diagnoses CG: none None of the participants were long-term MFD users. All participants were off- medication on the day of testing. § IGT (English and Portuguese version) § IGT total netscore: ADHD < CG § IGT netscore block 1 and 2: ADHD = CG § IGT netscore block 3, 4 and 5: ADHD < CG § IGT netscores: CG English = CG Portuguese Mäntylä et al. (2012) ADHD: n (m/f) = 31 (17/14) Age M(SD) = 30.8y (12.58) CG: n (m/f) = 32 (17/15) Age M(SD) = 29.84y (10.81) Level of depression (BDI): ADHD > CG MFD: n = 22 Other medication use: n = 1 § Applying decision rules task (DMC1) § Under/overco nfidence task (DMC2) § IGT § BART § DMC1 performance: ADHD < CG § DMC2 performance: ADHD = CG § IGT performance: ADHD < CG Note: group effects mediated by level of education. § BART performance: ADHD = CG Table continues on the next page