Dorien Bangma

FDM IN ADULTS WITH ADHD | 167 of adults with ADHD was between €15,000 and €25,000, which was significantly lower than the annual gross income of healthy controls (M dn. = €35,000 to €45,000). Adults with ADHD also had significant less money to spend each month (M = €529.28, SD = €412.27) compared to healthy controls (M = €1096.17, SD = €798.56). Although one out of four adults with ADHD (i.e., 24.4%) reported to receive social security, group differences with healthy controls (i.e., 7.8% of healthy controls received social security) did not reach statistical significance. However, almost half of the adults with ADHD (i.e., 48.9%) reported to have debts other than mortgage and study loans which is significantly more often than healthy controls (i.e., 15.7% of healthy controls reported to have debts). Furthermore, only 53.3% of adults with ADHD reported to have a savings account, which is significantly less often than 86.3% of healthy controls. No group differences were found, however, with regard to the active use of a savings account (i.e., 58.3% of adults with ADHD and 70.5% of healthy controls use their savings account actively) and with regard to saving for retirement (i.e., 44.4% of adults with ADHD and 62.7% of healthy controls save for their retirement). Significant group differences were found with regard to owning a house; healthy controls more often owned a house (i.e., 52.9%) compared to adults with ADHD (i.e., 13.3%; Table 7.2). Financial decision-making FDM performance. Adults with ADHD showed significantly lower scores on the FCAI total score compared to healthy controls (large effect size; Table 7.3). With regard to the subscales of the FCAI, adults with ADHD scored significantly lower on ‘Financial abilities’, ‘Financial judgment’, ‘Financial management’ and ‘Financial support resources’ compared to healthy controls (large effect sizes). No significant group differences were found for the subscales ‘Financial cognitive functioning’ and ‘Debt management’. On the FDMI, adults with ADHD also obtained a significantly lower total score than healthy controls (large effect size; Table 7.3). More specifically, adults with ADHD had more difficulties with the identification and understanding of information (i.e., ‘Identification’ and ‘Understanding’; large effect sizes) than healthy controls. No group differences were observed for the other subscales of the FDMI (i.e., ‘Reasoning’, ‘Appreciating’ and ‘Communication’, Table 7.3). Groups also did not differ with regard to their scores on the ‘rational’, ‘intuitive’ and ‘dependent’ FDS subscales (Table 7.3). However, adults with ADHD used significantly more often the ‘avoidant’ and ‘spontaneous’ financial decision styles than healthy controls (large effect sizes). Adults with ADHD also showed more temporal discounting than healthy controls (i.e., TDT total; large effect size). Furthermore, groups also differed regarding the total score of the IBQ (large effect size) and the ‘cognitive component’ of the IBQ (large effect size). No group differences were found for the other two components of impulsive buying (i.e., ‘affective component’ and ‘situational component’ of the IBQ; Table 7.3). Furthermore, no statistically significant group differences were found on the CDR and IGT (Table 7.3). FDM – clinical interpretation. Based on the mean scores and SDs of the healthy control sample, one out of four (i.e., 26.7%) adults with ADHD was classified as scoring very low or