Dorien Bangma

FDM AND CURRENT SYMPTOMS OF ADHD | 193 .002; d = 0.60, 95% CI [0.28; 0.91]), while no significant differences were found between the other groups. Furthermore, groups did not differ with regard to the rational, intuitive and dependent subscales of the FDS. Personal financial situation. Group differences were found with regard to actively saving money and saving for retirement (Table 8.3). In the ADHD group, only 19.6% saved for their retirement which were significantly less individuals than in the No ADHD group (41.5%; X 2 (1) = 8.0; p = .005; d = 0.32, 95% CI [0.13; 0.53]) and the Subthreshold ADHD group (37.0%; X 2 (1) = 4.9; p = .026; d = 0.31, 95% CI [0.06; 0.57]). Comparable results were found for the Adult-only ADHD group: 22.8% of the Adult-only ADHD group saved for their retirement, which were significantly less individuals compared to the No ADHD group ( X 2 (1) = 7.0; p = .008; d = 0.30, 95% CI [0.06; 0.50]) and the Subthreshold ADHD group ( X 2 (1) = 3.8; p = .050; d = 0.27, 95% CI [0.01; 0.52]). Furthermore, compared to the No ADHD group, the Adult-only ADHD group significantly less often saved money actively (38.8% of Adult-only ADHD group and 63.3% of No ADHD group saved actively, X 2 (1) = 10.3; p < .001; d = 0.38, 95% CI [0.14; 0.62]). Other group comparisons of these and other personal financial situation variables were not significant (e.g., annual year income, receiving social security or having debts; Table 8.3). Predicting financial decision-making Impulsive buying behavior. In total, 26.6% of variance of the IBQ total score could be explained in the third regression model ( F (11,1287) = 43.33; p < .001; Table 8.4a). Symptoms of ADHD were, however, not a significant contributor to the model ( ∆F (1,1276) = 4.0; p = .045; ∆R 2 = .002). Instead, a significant positive relation was found with extraversion and neuroticism. Conscientiousness and Table 8.2. Impulsive buying and financial decision styles of total sample and ADHD groups. Total sample ADHD Adult-only ADHD Subthreshold ADHD No ADHD Group differences Statistics p d IBQ total score M (SD) 59.8 (10.0) 62.7 (10.5) 63.1 (11.3) a 59.6 (11.0) 58.8 (8.8) F(3,529) = 4.4 .005* 0.316 IBQ Cognitive component M (SD) 32.6 (5.5) 34.6 (6.3) a,b 34.2 (6.3) a 32.1 (6.1) 31.9 (4.7) F(3,529) = 5.2 .001* 0.343 IBQ Affective component M (SD) 27.4 (5.4) 28.1 (5.3) 28.9 (5.8) a 27.5 (5.9) 26.8 (5.0) F(3,529) = 2.8 .039* 0.252 IBQ Situational component M (SD) 9.7 (1.6) 9.9 (1.5) 9.7 (1.7) 9.6 (1.8) 9.7 (1.5) F(3,529) = 0.6 .615 0.117 FDS Rational M (SD) 18.8 (2.8) 18.4 (2.9) 18.5 (3.0) 18.9 (2.8) 18.8 (2.7) F(3,529) = 0.7 .529 0.130 FDS Intuitive M (SD) 16.4 (3.2) 16.9 (3.1) 17.0 (2.9) 16.6 (3.2) 16.1 (3.2) F(3,529) = 1.9 .135 0.208 FDS Dependent M (SD) 16.4 (3.6) 16.3 (3.6) 17.2 (3.4) 16.6 (3.8) 16.1 (3.6) F(3,529) = 1.7 .161 0.196 FDS Avoidant M (SD) 12.0 (4.0) 13.0 (4.5) a 14.5 (4.5) a,b 12.2 (4.1) 11.2 (3.5) F(3,529) = 12.9 < .001 * 0.541 FDS Spontaneous M (SD) 8.7 (2.6) 9.9 (3.1) a,b 9.2 (2.9) 8.6 (2.5) 8.4 (2.3) F(3,529) = 5.5 .001* 0.353 Note. ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, IBQ = Impulsive Buying Questionnaire, FDS = Financial Decision Styles questionnaire. * p ≤ .05. Post-hoc Bonferroni significant group differences: a versus No ADHD group and b versus Subthreshold ADHD group