Dorien Bangma

202 | CHAPTER 8 interpreting these results. The situational component of impulsive buying, i.e., having enough time and money to make an impulsive purchase, was not associated with symptoms of ADHD and could also not be explained by demographic variables, symptoms of depression and the majority of personality traits. Only conscientiousness was significantly negatively related with the situational component. It is, however, important to keep in mind that the internal consistency of this component of the IBQ was very weak. The results with regard to the use of specific financial decision styles showed a similar pattern as found for impulse buying. In accordance with previous research (Bangma et al., 2019), significant group differences were found between the ADHD group and No ADHD group on the avoidant and spontaneous decision styles. The ADHD group also more often used a spontaneous decision style compared to the Subthreshold ADHD group. Furthermore, compared to the No ADHD group and Subthreshold ADHD group, an avoidant decision style was more often used by the Adult-only group. Symptoms of ADHD, however, could not predict the scores on the avoidant and spontaneous decision styles in the regression analyses. Instead, personality traits seem to explain a significant amount of variance of financial decision styles. The avoidant and spontaneous decision styles were found to be significantly positively related to traits of neuroticism and extraversion and significantly negatively related to traits of conscientious and agreeableness. The use of other financial decision styles was also not associated with symptoms of ADHD but was, besides personality traits, related to symptoms of depression (i.e., intuitive style), level of education (i.e., rational and intuitive style) and sex (i.e., dependent style). When interpreting the results regarding impulsive buying and the use of financial decision styles, it is important to keep in mind that associations were found between symptoms of ADHD and personality traits (Appendices 8-1 and 8-2). ADHD symptoms seem to be specifically associated with high neuroticism and low conscientiousness and agreeableness. Previous research found that conscientiousness appears more strongly related to inattentive symptoms than to hyperactive/impulsive symptoms (see Gomez and Corr (2014) for a review and meta- analyses). The presence of significant group differences between the ADHD groups on financial decision-making leads to the expectation of an association between symptoms of ADHD and financial decision-making. However, the associations that were found between ADHD symptoms and personality traits (Appendices 8-1 and 8-2) might, at least partly, explain the absence of an association between symptoms of ADHD and financial decision-making in the regression analyses when controlling for demographic characteristics, symptoms of depression and personality traits. Interestingly, in the present study, an association between extraversion and both impulsive buying and the use of specific financial decision styles is most consistently found, however, no association has been found between extraversion and symptoms of ADHD (Appendices 8-1 and 8-2). With regard to the personal financial situation, the ADHD group less often saved for their retirement compared to the No ADHD group. On all other aspects (e.g., income, debts, having a savings account) the financial situation of the ADHD group was comparable to individuals without symptoms of ADHD. Compared to the No ADHD group, the Adult-only ADHD group also made less often financial decisions for the future (i.e., they less often saved money for their