Dorien Bangma

206 | CHAPTER 8 Appendices Appendix 8-1. Symptoms of ADHD, personality and symptoms of depression of the total sample and ADHD groups. Total sample ADHD Adult-only ADHD Subthreshold ADHD No ADHD Group differences Statistics p d Current symptoms of ADHD M (SD) 13.1 (8.6) 34.5 (8.1) a,b,c 29.8 (7.3) a,b 20.7 (4.9) a 10.3 (5.4) F(3,529) = 376.2 < .001* 2.922 DSM-5 ADHD classification 1 % 7.9 100 100 0.0 0.0 Retrospective symptoms of ADHD M (SD) 13.8 (11.7) 40.4 (8.1) a,b,c 19.5 (9.3) a 20.1 (11.1) a 12.1 (10.0) F(3,529) = 108.1 < .001* 1.566 DSM-5 ADHD classification 2 % 10.1 100 0.0 20.4 6.7 Neuroticism M (SD) 29.9 (7.6) 36.1 (7.2) a 38.3 (7.6) a,b 33.1 (7.9) a 29.6 (6.4) F(3,529) = 31.7 < .001* 0.848 Very low ( % stanine ≤ 1) 5.1 2.2 0.0 3.1 3.0 Very high ( % stanine ≥ 9) 2.1 4.3 12.3 5.0 0.8 Extraversion M (SD) 40.1 (6.1) 40.3 (7.2) 38.5 (7.3) 40.4 (7.4) 41.0 (5.6) F(3,529) = 2.3 .075 0.229 Very low ( % stanine ≤ 1) 3.5 6.5 3.6 6.2 1.2 Very high ( % stanine ≥ 9) 2.8 2.2 8.8 5.0 3.0 Openness M (SD) 36.9 (5.8) 37.5 (6.9) 37.3 (5.0) 37.0 (6.2) 36.8 (5.8) F(3,529) = 0.3 .827 0.083 Very low ( % stanine ≤ 1) 1.6 2.2 0.0 2.4 1.0 Very high ( % stanine ≥ 9) 2.9 8.6 1.8 3.7 2.7 Agreeableness M (SD) 44.0 (5.2) 38.9 (6.3) a,b 41.1 (6.2) a 42.7 (5.5) a 44.3 (5.1) F(3,529) = 16.4 < .001* 0.610 Very low ( % stanine ≤ 1) 4.0 30.4 14.1 6.2 2.3 Very high ( % stanine ≥ 9) 3.1 2.2 0.0 1.8 4.9 Conscientiousness M (SD) 44.6 (5.5) 39.7 (5.7) a,b 39.5 (6.2) a,b 44.0 (6.0) 44.7 (5.2) F(3,529) = 21.5 < .001* 0.698 Very low ( % stanine ≤ 1) 5.1 23.9 22.8 6.8 3.7 Very high ( % stanine ≥ 9) 4.2 0.0 0.0 4.3 4.2 Symptoms of depression M (SD) 5.9 (6.4) 12.1 (9.8) a,b 13.5 (10.1) a,b 8.2 (8.1) a 3.8 (4.2) F(3,529) = 45.7 < .001* 1.018 No to minimal ( % score 0 – 13) 90.6 71.7 57.9 84.0 96.6 Mild ( % score 14 – 19) 5.3 4.3 22.8 8.0 2.6 Moderate ( % score 20 – 28) 2.4 17.4 8.8 3.7 0.8 Severe ( % score 29 – 63) 1.6 6.5 10.5 4.3 0.0 Note. Symptoms of ADHD are measured with the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder rating scale (ARS). Neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness are measured with the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). Symptoms of depression are measured with the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II-NL). ADHD = attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; DSM-5 = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. 1 DSM-5 ADHD classification in adulthood when ≥ 5 symptoms of inattention and/or ≥ 5 symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity were classified as being present in the last six months. 2 DSM-5 ADHD classification in childhood when ≥ 6 symptoms of inattention and/or ≥ 6 symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity were classified as being present when 0 – 12 years old. * p < .05. Post-hoc Bonferroni significant group differences: a versus No ADHD group, b versus Subthreshold ADHD group and c versus Adult-only ADHD group.