Dorien Bangma

42 | CHAPTER 3 voluntary and that they were able to withdraw at any time. All participants signed a written informed consent prior to assessment. Procedure and Measurement The assessment in sample 1 consisted of eight FDM tests and several standard neuropsychological tests. All tests were performed consecutively and in a fixed order with an approximate duration of 3.5 hours (see Appendix 3-1 for an overview of the sequence of tests). The fixed sequence of tests was chosen to minimize the interference between cognitive tests. One break of at least fifteen minutes was included, however, participants could ask for as many breaks as needed to minimize the effects of fatigue. Questionnaires were completed at home prior to assessment. Each participant was tested individually. The data of sample 2 was collected in the context of another study and in this study only FDM tests were used. Tests measuring financial decision-making The Financial Competence Assessment Inventory - NL (FCAI-NL) is an in Dutch translated and updated version of the original FCAI task developed by Kershaw and Webber (2004, 2008). The FCAI-NL provides information about strengths and weaknesses regarding an individual’s ability and knowledge to perform actions that are needed to execute financial transactions on a relatively fundamental level (further described as ‘financial competence’; Kershaw & Webber, 2004; Webber et al., 2002). The original FCAI appeared to be suitable for different age and patient groups (Kershaw & Webber, 2004, 2008). The FCAI-NL consists of six different subscales based on the six dimensions of financial competence (Kershaw & Webber, 2004, 2008): ‘Financial abilities’ (e.g., the ability to understand the information that is presented on bills), ‘Financial judgment’ (e.g., identifying and understanding items on a bank statement), ‘Financial cognitive functioning’ (e.g., writing a cheque), ‘Financial management’ (e.g., understanding banking protocols), ‘Debt management’ (e.g. awareness of own debts) and ‘Financial support resources’ (e.g., assistance seeking skills). In total, the FCAI-NL contains 38 questions varying between theoretical questions, practical assignments and questions about the financial situation of the participant. For each question, participants receive a score between 0 ( no awareness ) and 4 ( complete understanding ) depending on the accuracy of the answer, with the exception of yes/no questions (score of 0 or 1 points, respectively). The total score of the FCAI-NL (maximum score of 134) is based on the sum of the six subscales and gives an indication of an individual’s overall financial competence. The Financial Decision-Making Interview (FDMI) is a newly developed test used to determine the mental ability or capacity to make a decision related to financial issues (i.e., (financial) decision-making capacity). Decision-making capacity consists of five domains (Appelbaum & Grisso, 1988; Suto et al., 2005), i.e., the ability to identify a problem (‘Identification’), to understand information and consider risks and benefits (‘Understanding’), to reason about different options and make a reasoned decision (‘Reasoning’), to appreciate and evaluate the effects of decisions (‘Appreciating’) and to articulate a final choice (‘Communication’). The principle of the FDMI is based on the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool and on previously published procedures that were used to assess (medical)