Dorien Bangma

FDM IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES | 61 Rascovsky et al., 2011), the latter was also included in the search terms. Two other NDDs that are considered in the present study are progressive supranuclear palsy and HD. People living with progressive supranuclear palsy typically show eye movement abnormalities, parkinsonian features, personality changes and cognitive impairment in the domains of executive function and attention (Litvan et al., 1996). HD is an autosomal dominant NDD that is characterized by involuntary movements, cognitive impairment in domains such as executive functions, attention and social cognition, and psychiatric features, including anxiety, aggression, disinhibition and anti-social behavior (Ross & Tabrizi, 2011). The final condition that was considered in the present systematic review was multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder. However, it has been argued that a degenerative process is at the root of the disease (Stys et al., 2012). Furthermore, it has been suggested that MS has a prodromal period which is similar to NDDs (Wijnands et al., 2017). MS is a common disorder in young adults and often has a progressive course. However, the condition can also develop in a relapsing remitting manner. People living with MS often show fatigue and impairments in the domains of memory, executive functions, attention and psychomotor speed (Chiaravalloti & DeLuca, 2008). The NDDs that are considered in the present systematic review and meta- analysis are thus relatively common and are accompanied by significant cognitive and psychiatric impairments, all of which can have a tremendous impact of everyday functioning, including FDM. More rare conditions such as prion diseases and corticobasal degeneration were not included in the present systematic review and meta-analysis. Materials and Methods Study selection procedure Available literature from four databases (i.e., Medline, PsychINFO, Pubmed and Web of Knowledge) was explored until December 31 st , 2019, according the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Moher et al., 2009). Primary keywords were related to NDDs, such as ‘Parkinson’s disease’, ‘mild cognitive impairment’ or ‘dementia’. Secondary keywords were related to FDM, including ‘finances’, ‘financial capability’ or ‘money management’ (for a complete list of key words see supplementary material). Keywords needed to be present in the title or abstract. Additional articles were identified through reference lists of selected articles and a recently published review focusing on currently available instruments that can be used to assess financial skills (Engel et al., 2016). Only peer-reviewed articles written in English were included. After removal of duplicates, 1612 unique articles were identified of which 129 were on topic (Figure. 4.1). Studies were included in the review when they (a) included a group of people living with an NDD and a healthy control group or when they had a longitudinal design and (b) used a standardized performance-based test of FDM (i.e., primary tests) or a performance-based general decision-making or functional capacity test with an FDM subscale (i.e., secondary tests). Studies that included a mixed group (e.g., a ‘dementia group’) or primarily focused on gambling or risk-taking tasks were excluded. Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria (Table 4.1; Figure 4.1; Appendix 4-2).