Dorien Bangma

FDM IN NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES | 63 Identified financial tests and outcome measures The included studies used one or more performance-based tests assessing FDM. A brief description of the primary and secondary FDM tests used is given below, in alphabetical order. For a more detailed description of each test and their administration procedure we refer to the original article(s) in which the respective test has been described. Primary FDM tests. 1. The Actual Reality test (AR test; Goverover et al., 2010; Goverover & DeLuca, 2015) simulates the online purchase of a cookie bouquet and evaluates money management skills, such as planning and budgeting. Performances are evaluated based on (1) ‘staying within price range’, (2) ‘correct use of credit card’, (3) ‘choosing an appropriate cookie bouquet’, (4) ‘efficient pace’ and (5) ‘correct response to unexpected events’. The total score is calculated based on the sum of these five goal-directed actions, with lower scores indicating better money management skills. The AR test is used in one study included in the review (i.e., Goverover et al., 2016). 2. The Advanced Finances Test (AFT; Heaton et al., 2004) evaluates the ability to manage finances using tasks involving depositing a check, paying bills and calculating checkbook balance. A total score can be calculated, with higher scores indicating a better ability to manage finances. The AFT is used in two studies included in the review (i.e., Pirogovsky et al., 2012; Sheppard et al., 2017). 3. The Financial Assessment and Capacity Test (FACT; (Black et al., 2007) evaluates FDM capacity in elderly individuals. The FACT includes nine domains related to the conceptual model of Appelbaum and Grisso (1988), i.e., (1) ‘memory’, (2) ‘reading/writing’, (3) ‘calculation/attention’, (4) ‘daily financial tasks’, (5) ‘general financial knowledge’, (6) ‘understanding assets’, (7) ‘financial insight’, (8) ‘financial confidence’, and (9) ‘rational beliefs about money’. Scores on all domains separately Table 4.1. Characteristics of included studies. Characteristic k Characteristic k Total included studies 47 Number of studies per group a Studies including > 1 NDD group 15 AD 25 (17) Year of publication MCI 26 (16) ≤ 2000 5 FTD 3 (3) 2001 – 2010 13 PD 7 (5) ≥ 2011 29 MS 3 (3) Study design HD 1 (-) Case-control 39 Number of participants examined per study Longitudinal 6 1-25 18 Both 2 26-50 14 Assessment of cognition 51-75 8 Yes 29 76-100 4 No 18 > 100 3 Note. AD = Alzheimer’s disease; FTD = frontotemporal dementia; HD = Huntington’s disease; k = number of studies; MCI = mild cognitive impairment; MS = Multiple sclerosis; NDD = neurodegenerative disorder; PD = Parkinson’s disease. a Numbers in parentheses are the number of studies included in the meta-analyses.