Dorien Bangma

66 | CHAPTER 4 Secondary tests. 11. The subscale ‘money management’ of the Assessment of Capacity for Everyday Decision-Making (ACED; Lai et al., 2008; Lai & Karlawish, 2007) evaluates everyday financial management activities and financial management approaches. Using standardized rating criteria, scores on four decision-making abilities can be described which are based on the conceptual model of Appelbaum and Grisso (1988), i.e., (1) ‘understanding’, (2) ‘appreciation’, (3) ‘reasoning’, and (4) ‘expressing a choice’. A total score can be calculated as the sum of four domains, with higher scores indicating better financial decision-making abilities. The subscale ‘money management’ of the ACED is used in one study included in this review (i.e. Lui et al., 2013). 12. The subscale ‘FDM’ is one of two subscales of the Decision-Making Competence Assessment Tool (DMCAT; Finucane & Gullion, 2010). Using tasks closely resembling the real-world setting, the DMCAT was developed to assess decision-making in older adults. The FDM subscale includes six items in which mutual funds must be chosen according to prespecified preferences. A total score can be calculated based on the number of correct answers, with higher scores indicating better FDM. The subscale ‘FDM’ of the DMCAT is used in one study included in this review (i.e., Duke Han et al., 2015). 13. The subscale ‘financial skills’ (also named ‘dealing with finances’) of the Direct Assessment of Functional Status (DAFS; Loewenstein et al., 1989; Pereira, Oliveira, et al., 2010) can be used as a measure of financial abilities and is described as one of the functional activities of daily living. The subscale consists of items related to identifying and counting currency and higher order financial abilities. Scores on five domains can be determined, i.e., (1) ‘identifying currency’, (2) ‘counting currency’, (3) ‘writing a check’, (4) ‘balancing a checkbook’ and (5) ‘make change for a purchase’, although not all studies included the fifth domain. Furthermore, a total score can be calculated based on all domains. The subscale ‘financial skills’ of the DAFS is used in four studies included in this review (i.e., Lima-Silva et al., 2015; Loewenstein et al., 1989, 1995; Pereira, Yassuda, et al., 2010). 14. The subscale ‘money management’ of the Independent Living Scale (ILS; Loeb, 1996) can be used to evaluate money management abilities such as counting money, performing calculations or paying bills. A total score of items associated with the subscale can be calculated, with higher scores indicating better money management abilities. The subscale ‘money management’ of the ILS is used in one study included in this review (i.e., Bangen et al., 2010). 15. The subscale ‘bill payment’ of the Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB; White & Stern, 2003) is a task that simulates actions that are required when paying an utility bill, such as identifying information or filling out a check. A total score can be calculated as the sum of correct responses, with higher scores indicating better bill payment performances. The subscale ‘bill payment’ of the NAB is used in one study included in this review (i.e., Kenney et al., 2019).