Dorien Bangma

98 | CHAPTER 4 Table 4.3. Associations between FDM and cognition in people living with neurodegenerative diseases. Study Group FDM task Global cognition Verbal memory Episodic memory Prospective memory Visuospatial memory Verbal fluency Processing speed Attention Language Executive functions Working memory Cognitive flexibility Verbal reasoning Abstract reasoning Initiation and perseveration Numeracy Visuospatial abilities Bassett 1999 AD FCQ n.s. + + Earnst et al. 2001 AD FCI + + Griffith et al. 2007 AD FCI + Kershaw & Webber 2008 AD FCAI + + + + Martin, Griffith et al. 2008 AD FCI + Sherod et al. 2009* AD FCI n.s. + n.s. + n.s. n.s. + n.s. Stoeckel et al. 2013 AD FCI + n.s. + + n.s. Arcara et al. 2019 MCI †a NADL-F + + + + Bangen et al. 2010 MCI † ILS + n.s. n.s. Benavides-Varela et al. 2015* MCI NADL n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. + + Czaja et al. 2017 MCI UMCFAB n.s. n.s. + + n.s. n.s. Duke Han et al. 2015* MCI DMCAT + + n.s. + + n.s. Gerstenecker et al. 2016 MCI FCI + Griffith et al. 2010 MCI FCI + + + Niccolai et al. 2017 MCI FCI n.s. + + + n.s. + n.s. + Niccolai et al. 2017* MCI FCI n.s. + n.s. + n.s. n.s. n.s. + Okonkwo et al. 2006* MCI FCI n.s. + n.s. + n.s. Sherod et al. 2009* MCI FCI n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. + + n.s. Clark et al. 2014 mixed b FCI + + n.s. n.s. + n.s. + + Lui et al. 2013 mixed b ACED + n.s. + Giannouli & Tsolaki 2014* mixed d FDM test c + Giannouli et al. 2018* mixed e LCPLTAS + n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. + + Giannouli & Tsolaki 2019 PD † LCPLTAS + Pirogovsky et al. 2012 PD AFT + + Pirogovsky et al. 2013/2014 f PD UCSD-PBSA n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. n.s. Gerstenecker, Myers et al. 2017 MS † FCI + + + + + + + Goreover et al. 2016 MS † AR test + n.s. + + + + Tracy et al. 2017* MS † FCI + + + Sheppard et al. 2017 HD AFT + SUMMARY (k significant / k number of studies) 15/19 7/18 0/2 1/2 4/6 3/8 10/11 4/12 3/7 6/13 8/8 2/2 1/1 2/3 1/1 8/8 1/8 SUMMARY (% significant) 78.9 38. 9 0.0 50.0 66.7 37.5 90.9 33.3 42.9 46.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 66.7 100.0 100.0 12.5 Note of the table on the next page