Diederik Hentenaar

33 Biomarkers in crevicular peri-implant fluid October 2013. Before the start of the study all patients signed an informed consent. All patients were scheduled for a single non-surgical intervention using the Airflow Master Piezon ® (Electro Medical Systems, EMS). This therapy was applied on 6 sites around the implant (mesial/mid/distal buccal, mesio/mid/disto lingual) for 5 seconds per site. All treatments were performed by one experienced dental hygienist (SS). Patients received oral hygiene instructions with emphasis on the daily use of interdental brushes with application of 0.12% chlorhexidine gel (Dentaid Benelux). Table 1. In- and exclusion criteria Inclusion criteria • The patient was ≥ 18 years of age; • The patient had at least one endosseous implant in the oral cavity with clinical and radiographical signs of peri-implantitis. Peri-implantitis was defined as progressive loss of marginal bone ≥ 2mm, as compared to the baseline radiograph (after placement of the definitive restoration) in combination with bleeding and/or suppuration on probing (de Waal et al. 2014); • The implants had been in function for at least two years; • The patient was capable of understanding and giving informed consent. Exclusion criteria • Medical and general contraindications for intervention; • A history of local radiotherapy to the head and neck region; • Pregnancy and lactation; • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (HbA1c > 7% or > 53 mmol/mol); • Use of antibiotics during the last 3 months; • Known allergy to chlorhexidine; • Long-term use of anti-inflammatory drugs; • Incapability of performing basal oral hygiene measures as a result of physical or mental disorders; • Implants with bone loss exceeding 2/3 of the length of the implant or implants with bone loss beyond the transverse openings in hollow implants; • Implant mobility; • Implants at which no position can be identified where proper probing measurements can be performed; • Previous surgical treatment of the peri-implantitis lesions; • Previous non-surgical treatment of the peri-implantitis lesions during the last 3 months (scaling or curettage) • Chronic bronchitis and asthma Seventeen adult patients scheduled for routine dental/implant check-up at the Center for Dentistry and Oral Hygiene and the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2