Diederik Hentenaar

62 Chapter 3 Table 1. Baseline patient and implant characteristics Air-polishing Ultrasonic Patient characteristics Total number of patients 40 40 Age [years; mean (SD)] 62(8.9) 55(14.1) Gender; F (female) / M (male) 15F/25M 20F/20M Smoking; n subjects (%) Current 7 (17.5) 8 (20) Never 26 (65) 23 (57.5) Former 7 (17.5) 9 (22.5) History of periodontitis; n subjects (%) Yes 17 (42.5) 10 (24) No 23 (57.5) 30 (76) Diabetes; n subjects (%) Yes (but controlled; HbA1c < 7% or < 53 mmol/mol) 2 (5) 0 (0) No 38 (95) 40 (100) Parafunction (bruxism/clenching); n subjects (%) Yes 6 (15) 8 (20) No 34 (85) 32 (80) Dental status, n patients (%) Fully edentulous 10 (25) 9 (22.5) Partially edentulous 30 (75) 31 (77.5) Implant characteristics Total number of implants included 66 73 Total number of implants presenting peri-implantitis (range) (1-6) (1-6) Time in function [years; mean (SD)] 8.6 (6.1) 9.7 (4.8) Implant type; n implants (%) Nobel Biocare 25 (37.9) 35 (47.9) Straumann 26 (39.4) 21 (28.8) Biomet 3i 4 (6.1) 7 (9.6) MegaGen 4 (6.1) 1 (1.4) Astra Tech 2 (3.0) 2 (2.7) Camlog 2 (3.0) 2 (2.7) Other (Simpler,IMZ, Dentsply Friadent, Pitt-easy, Smeden-Martina, Trinon Q) 3 (4.5) 5 (6.8) Implant surface roughness (Sa) Minimally rough (turned, machined) ≥0.5, <1.0 µm 9 (13.6) 9 (12.3) Moderately rough ≥1.0, <2.0 µm 56 (84.8) 59 (80.8)