Geert Kleinnibbelink

Exercise-Induced Cardiac Function under Hypoxia 2 49 Rest echocardiography Stress echocardiography p-values Normoxia Hypoxia Normoxia Hypoxia Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post Pre Post H E S H*E E*S E*H*S RV time of peak (sec) 0.36±0.01 0.37±0.01 0.37±0.01 0.36±0.01 0.28±0.01 0.32±0.01 0.29±0.01 0.31±0.01 0.51 <0.001 <0.001 0.09 0.004 0.57 PAT (ms) 152±3 151±3 139±4 134±3 122±4 120±3 106±4 105±3 <0.001 0.008 <0.001 0.60 0.36 0.30 Strain-area loop characteristics Uncoupling (%) 2.0±0.2 1.0±0.4 1.4±0.3 0.6±0.4 1.4±0.5 1.2±0.5 0.7±0.4 0.3±0.5 0.07 0.05 0.32 0.99 0.23 0.66 Uncoupling ED (%) 2.0±0.3 1.0±0.4 1.4±0.3 0.6±0.4 1.4±0.5 1.3±0.5 0.7±0.5 0.4±0.6 0.10 0.10 0.40 0.92 0.14 0.7 Uncoupling LD (%) 2.0±0.2 1.1±0.3 1.3±0.3 0.6±0.4 1.5±0.4 1.0±0.5 0.8±0.4 0.1±0.5 0.04 0.01 0.22 0.96 0.67 0.62 Sslope (%/cm2) 2.5±0.1 2.5±0.1 2.4±0.1 2.4±0.1 2.8±0.1 2.7±0.1 2.6±0.1 2.6±0.1 0.07 0.53 0.003 0.8 0.35 0.33 Esslope (%/cm2) 2.4±0.2 2.6±0.1 2.4±0.1 2.6±0.1 2.9±0.2 2.7±0.2 2.9±0.2 2.7±0.2 0.85 0.97 0.05 0.87 0.04 0.88 Edslope (%/cm2) 1.4±0.1 1.9±0.2 1.7±0.1 1.8±0.2 1.8±0.2 1.8±0.2 1.7±0.2 2.2±0.3 0.41 0.08 0.29 0.73 0.82 0.03 Ldslope (%/cm2) 3.3±0.2 3.0±0.2 3.1±0.2 2.8±0.2 3.6±0.3 3.5±0.3 3.4±0.3 3.1±0.3 0.11 0.18 0.02 0.77 0.73 0.34 Data are expressed as means±SEM. ED, Early diastole. ES, Early systole. LD, Late Diastole. PAT, pulmonary acceleration time. PLAX, Parasternal long axis. PSAX, parasternal short axis. RA, Right atrium. RV, Right ventricle. RVFAC, RV fractional area change. RVEDA, Right ventricular end-diastolic area. RVESA, Right ventricular end-systolic area. RVOT, Right ventricular outflow tract. TAPSE, Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion. TDI, Tissue Doppler imaging. Linear mixed models factors: H, Hypoxia: Comparison between all echocardiographic measurements performed under hypoxic vs. normoxic conditions. E, Exercise: Comparison between all echocardiographic measurements performed pre vs. post 45-minutes high intensity exercise. S, Stress: Comparison between all echocardiographic measurements performed during rest vs. during stress. E*S, Exercise*Stress: Comparison whether the change pre- vs. post-exercise is different measured during rest vs. stress echocardiography. H*E, Hypoxia*Exercise: Comparison whether the change pre- vs. post-exercise (EICF) is different during hypoxic vs. normoxic conditions. E*H*S, Exercise*Hypoxia*Stress: comparison whether the change pre- vs. post-exercise under hypoxic vs. normoxic conditions was different when observed using rest vs. stress echocardiography. Table 2 . (Continued)