Anne van Dalen

188 I Chapter 7 METHODS This cross-sectional single-centre survey study explored the attitudes towards safety culture among OR staff specifically, using the Agency for Health and Research Quality’s (AHRQ) Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). The questions of the original (English) questionnaire can be found on the official AHQR website (https://www. ahrq.gov/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/sops/quality-patient-safety/patientsafetyculture/ hospitalscanform.pdf). The validated Dutch version of the HSOPSC was chosen. 9 Questions were provided using a 5-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree) or from 1 (never) to 5 (always). The survey contained 42 items, across 11 patient safety culture dimensions. These safety dimension have been previously assessed and validated for clustering into categories using factor analysis. 9,10 Participants and setting This survey was administered to all healthcare professionals working in the OR complex at one tertiary referral centre, including individuals who previously participated in a pilot initiative concerning the use of an ORBB. A privacy impact assessment was performed prior to start of this survey study, according to the new European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The survey was stated in Dutch, voluntary and anonymous to team member’s name, but not to role in the OR, work department, and work experience (Appendix 1). The original survey was supplemented with 10 questions regarding the use of the ORBB. The questions we used for this study were; “have you participated in the Black Box debriefings?” and “do you believe use of the OR Black Box® can improve surgical safety?”. Responses were provided using a 5-point Likert scale. Because this was the first centre to have implemented ORBB for multidisciplinary debriefing, it was not possible to send out the survey to other centres using the ORBB for this purpose.