Anne van Dalen

2 Development of a model for video-assisted postoperative team debriefing I 69 DISCUSSION A wide range of approaches to team debriefing is available in the current medical literature. Health care professionals of all kinds may arrive to the OR with various sets of experiences, ingrained personality traits, and established relationship patterns. All of them may benefit from team debriefing considerably, but most of them do not yet have sufficient of any experience in structured debriefing. 9,11,43,81 Although the term simulation was excluded from the search, debriefing techniques were most often reported in the context of simulation training only, not reflecting true clinical workflow. Yet, debriefing may be considered an even more powerful learning experience for the OR team when it takes place following the real clinical setting, such as after surgical procedures. 82,83 The use of a standardized debrief model for multidisciplinary debriefing has been recommended. 69,84 Using video recordings during the debriefings were also recommended, as they can provide objective feedback and may help teams develop a shared mental model about the situation. 3,85 However, peer-reviewed articles on how to actually debrief with the use of a video and MDR and especially on how to optimally translate it into surgical and clinical practice appear to be lacking. No debrief model suitable for postoperative video-assisted team debriefing was found in the current medical literature. Therefore, the identified approaches, elements, and methods on how to debrief the OR team with the use of a video or MDR were summarized in the structured Amsterdam Black Box debrief model. The participants who experienced the use of this debrief model believed the Black Box debrief sessions were useful and educational, and believed that their time was well spent. Recommendations Agoodteamdebriefingsession ischaracterizedbytheestablishmentof a safeenvironment, facilitating an open, honest, and positive discussion focusing on an objective view of the situation. 86 Honest participation means that the participants can safely ask themselves and each other “what went well, what could be better, and what should we do differently next time?” The debriefer is only present to guide if needed, by asking open questions,