Anne van Dalen

72 I Chapter 2 MDR may be more expensive than the use of debrief methods without such detailed feedback. However, external or hospital funding may help support the educational project as the use of an MDR for postoperative team debriefing is a data-driven quality improvement initiative. 21,37 Conclusions Although the power of multidisciplinary debriefing has long been highlighted, structured team debriefing of actual surgical cases—with or without the use of an MDR in the OR—is not a common practice to date. Debriefing augmented with information coming from a video and MDR in the OR is believed to be even more objective, effective, and educational. No debrief model fitting the use of a video and MDR in the OR existed to date. The standardized Amsterdam Black Box model was proposed by the authors. The model was tested and may be used in structured operating team debriefings using a video and MDR in the OR. Future studies are needed for adequate validation of the debrief model and to evaluate its impact on the improvement of team behavior and performance.