Lorynn Teela

274 Chapter 9 on increasing knowledge about the used methods in pediatric patient engagement and their suitability and impact for different research questions and age groups. Engagement of adolescents In our studies it was difficult to include adolescents due to motivational and logistic barriers. The development of online tools to engage pediatric patients could reduce these barriers. During the development of All Voices Count, adolescents indicated important benefits of an online tool such as not paying an extra visit to the hospital, takes less time, and an online approach is more flexible to fit in their time schedule. Therefore, we would like to develop an online version of All Voices Count in the future. In this regard, we can learn from initiatives that look at new methodologies for online focus groups for hard-to-include populations in both pediatric and adult care (63, 64). These research groups investigated the benefits (e.g., flexibility, anonymity, feeling comfortable to express their opinion, cost-effective, inclusion of different populations) of online / chat-based focus groups, which can be conducted in real time (synchronously) or not in real time (asynchronously). Impact pediatric patient engagement This thesis provided descriptive information about pediatric patient engagement, as this is a first step towards uniformity about pediatric patient engagement. However, both in the scoping review as during the development of All Voices Count, we did not assess the impact of pediatric patient engagement. This might be an interesting area for future research as it could give us insight into the added value of patient engagement. Studies regarding the impact of patient engagement have mainly focused on adult patient engagement or pediatric patient engagement in the medical consultation room (65, 66). A recent review showed that the impact of pediatric patient engagement in medical consultations is still minor and innovations to enhance engagement are scarce (66). To enhance pediatric patient engagement more respect for the autonomy of children and parents is necessary. Research regarding skills needed to think along at different levels during treatment is desired (i.e., everyone can participate at their own level), as is research into intervention/tools/training to increase patient engagement. Tools, like All Voices Count, can contribute. Children’s Advisory Board Pediatric patient engagement is considered important in the Emma Children’s Hospital. Therefore, the Children’s Advisory Board was re-established in June 2023. Children aged ten to eighteen years treated at the Emma Children’s Hospital can participate. During four to six sessions per year, the Children’s Advisory Board can

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