Marga Hoogendoorn

115 procedures, mobilization and positioning, support and care for relatives, respiratory care and specific intervention in and outside the ICU. In 18.7% of the COVID-19 patients the nurse needed > 4 hours for hygienic procedures (item 4c) where this was scored in 0.5% of the pneumonia patients admitted during the non-COVID period (p<0.001). Mobilization and positioning with 3 nurses or more (item 6c) was scored in 16.8% of the COVID-19 patients where this was scored in 3.6% of the pneumonia patients admitted during the non-COVID period (p<0.001). Support and care for relatives was scored more often in COVID-19 patients compared to pneumonia patients, both for item 7a - about 1 hour (67.8% versus 46.6%, p<0.001) as well as item 7b - >4 hours (10.7% versus 4.3%, p<0.001). The nursing interventions for respiratory care were in all three items (item 9 - respiratory support, item 10 - care of artificial airways, i.e. tracheostomy or tube, and item 11 - treatment for improving lung function) higher for COVID-19 ICU patients compared to the pneumonia patients. We saw a decrease in the number of patients with a specific intervention on the ICU (item 22) in COVID-19 patients compared to pneumonia patients (4.1% versus 29.5%, p<0.001) and an increase in patients with a specific intervention outside the ICU (item 23) (2.9% versus 1.6%, p<0.001). Comparing the nursing interventions of the non-COVID patients with the non-pneumonia patients we saw remarkable differences in performing hygienic procedures (item 4), mobilization and positioning (item 6), support and care for relatives (item 7), respiratory care (item 9, 10) and interventions outside the ICU (item 23). We saw an increase in the performance of hygienic procedures in category a - less than two hours (79,2% versus 55,7%, p<0.001) and in the category b - more than two hours (15.1% versus 10.3%, p<0.001). In the category mobilization and positioning (item 6) we saw a decrease in the category b - performing procedures >2 hours per shift, any frequency (12.5% versus 26,5%, p<0.001) and an increase in the category a – performing procedures once per shift (62,9% versus 18.9%, p<0.001). The support and care for relatives for about one hour (item 7a) was higher for the non-COVID-19 ICU patients compared to the non-pneumonia ICU patients (67.7% versus 39.4%, p<0.001). The respiratory care was higher for the non-COVID ICU patients compared to the non-pneumonia patients with respect to the respiratory support (item 10) (78.5% versus 57.5 %, p<0.001) and the care of artificial airways i.e. tracheostomy or tube (item 11) (41,7% versus 30.6%, p<0.001). We saw an increase of interventions outside the ICU (item 23) for the non-COVID ICU patients compared to the non-pneumonia patients (8,9% versus 2,5%, p<0.001).