Marga Hoogendoorn

61 At the NAS item level, we found significant differences between the converted NAS times and observed times for all items. These differences ranged from -54.6 minutes (support or care of patient or relatives for about 1 hour) to 79.2 minutes (mobilization and positioning with three nurses). For most (86%) nursing activities the median converted NAS overestimated the observed time. For four activities (support or care of patient for about 1 hour, administrative tasks for less than 2 hours, administrative tasks for about 2 hours and specific interventions outside the ICU) the converted NAS underestimated the observed time (table 3) .