Marga Hoogendoorn

68 REFERENCES 1. Hughes R. Patient safety and quality: An evidence-based handbook for nurses (Vol. 3). Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 2008. 2. Aiken LH, Clarke SP, Sloane DM, et al Hospital nurse staffing and patient mortality, nurse burnout, and job dissatisfaction. JAMA. 2002;288:1987-93. 3. Margadant C, Wortel S, Hoogendoorn M, et al. The Nursing Activities Score per Nurse Ratio Is Associated With In-Hospital Mortality, Whereas the Patients Per Nurse Ratio Is Not. Crit Care Med. 2019;48:3-9. 4. Palese A, Comisso I, Burra M, et al. Nursing Activity Score for estimating nursing care need in intensive care units: findings from a face and content validity study. J Nurs Manag. 2006;24:549- 59. 5. Hoogendoorn ME, Margadant CC, Brinkman S. Workload scoring systems in Intensive Care and their ability to quantify the need for nursing time: a systematic literature review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2020;101:103408. 6. Cullen DJ, Civetta JM, Briggs BA, Ferrara LC. Therapeutic intervention scoring system: a method for quantitative comparison of patient care. Crit Care Med. 1974;2:57-60. 7. Miranda DR, Nap R, de Rijk A, et al. Nursing activities score. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:374-82. 8. Padilha KG, de Sousa RMC, Garcia PC, et al. Nursing workload and staff allocation in an intensive care unit: a pilot study according to Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2010;26:108-13. 9. Gonçalves LA, Padilha KG, Sousa RMC. Nursing activities score (NAS): a proposal for practical application in intensive care units. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2007;23:355-61. 10. Stafseth SK, Tønnessen TI, Diep LM, Fagerstrøm L. Testing the reliability and validity of the nursing activities score in critical care nursing. J Nurs Measure. 2018;26:142-62. 11. Urden LD, Roode JL. Work sampling: a decision-making tool for determining resources and work redesign. J Nurs Admin. 1997;27:34-41. 12. Finkler SA, Knickman JR, Hendrickson G, et al. A comparison of work-sampling and time-and- motion techniques for studies in health services research. Health Serv Res. 1993;28:577. 13. Burke TA, McKee JR, Wilson HC, et al. A comparison of time-and-motion and self- reporting methods of work measurement. J Nurs Admin. 2000;30:118-25. 14. Dutch National Intensive Care Evaluation (NICE) foundation. Available at: https:// www. stichting-nice.nl/dd/#561 Accessed 1 June 2019. 15. Interview Reis Miranda, jaarboek NICE. Available at: https://www.stichting -nice. nl/focusIC. jsp Accessed 1 September 2019. 16. R Core Team. R: A language and Environment for Statistical Computing [computer program]. Vienna, Austria: R foundation. Available at: http://www.R-project.org Accessed May 1, 2019. 17. Bernat Adell A, Abizanda Campos R. Nursing Activity Score (NAS). Our experience with a nursing load calculation system based on times. Enferm Intensiva. 2005;16:164-73. 18. Debergh DP, Myny D, Van Herzeele I, et al. Measuring the nursing workload per shift in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 2012;38:1438-44.

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