Addi van Bergen

Cross-cultural validity of the Dutch version of the SEI-HS 101 5 Model 1: Y = β 0 + β 1 M; Model 2: Y = β 0 + β 1 M + β 2 G; Model 3 : Y = β 0 + β 1 M + β 2 G + β 3 M*G. An item was considered to exhibit substantial DIF if the difference between model 1 and 3 in log-likelihoods was statistically significant ( α =0.001) and the change in R 2 at least moderate according to the Jodoin-Gierl effect size criteria by which D R2 < 0.035 is classified as negligible; 0.035 ≤ D R2 ≤ 0.070 as moderate and D R2 > 0.070 as large. [39-41]. In case of substantial DIF further analyses were made to characterize the type of DIF into uniform DIF (significant difference between model 1 and 2) and/ or non-uniform DIF (significant difference between model 2 and 3). Criteria can be found in S1 Tables A-C. II Qualitative phase In the qualitative part of the study we set out to describe, analyse and compare the experiences of social exclusion and the responses on the SEI-HS in the four research groups. We followed the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ) checklist [42]. Participant selection The sampling frame consisted of the respondents of Surinamese, Moroccan, Turkish and Dutch background, with a high score on the SEI-HS who had given the Public Health Services written consent to re-contact (Table 1). Respondents from the city of Rotterdam could not be included as permission had not been requested. To reflect the variability in gender, age and neighbourhood across the four research groups, in total 50 cases were selected at random from the different strata. In case of non-response a replacement was selected as similar as possible to the original case. Table 1. Number of respondents qualitative and quantitative phase Quantitative survey Qualitative interview Phase I Response (%) High score on SEI-HS Agreed to follow-up * Phase II Sample Phase II Response (%) Surinamese 1,803 (28%) 277 101 27 11 (41%) Moroccan 1,009 (26%) 174 72 43 9 (21%) Turkish 1,164 (26%) 235 72 43 10 (23%) Dutch 19,318 (48%) 277 71 64 22 (34%) 23.294 (42%) 879 316 177 52 (29%) * Follow-up from Amsterdam, The Hague and Utrecht.