Addi van Bergen

Chapter 5 102 Data collection Interviews took place between March and September 2014. During this period 177 respondents were contacted by letter, telephone and home visits. Up to three attempts were made to get in touch. The response rates are shown in Table 1, with no contact being the main reason for non-response (not at home or moved house). Interviews took place at a time and location convenient to the respondent, generally at their home address. Signed informed consent was obtained at the time of the interview. Each respondent received a 20 euro gift card as compensation for their time. The interviews were conducted by two experienced members of the research team (CB, AvL), of Dutch and Indonesian background respectively, and students of Surinamese, Moroccan and Turkish background. Students were trained by members of the research team and closely supervised in their work. The supervision not only focused on methodological aspects but also on emotional wellbeing and safety of the students. To explore the perceptions of the respondents, a semi structured topic guide was used which comprised open-ended questions accompanied by probes and prompts to expand, clarify and understand responses. The 17 items of the SEI-HS were asked exactly as worded, but further explanation was given if the respondent asked for it. Other topics included health and health behaviour, feelings of being left out of society, locus of control and expectations for the future. To create a pleasant and personal atmosphere, respondents were invited, at the start of the interview, to tell something about themselves and the things they enjoy doing. Interviews lasted 20- 90 minutes (53 minutes on average), depending on the willingness and ability of the respondents. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim by indepen- dent transcriptionists. Qualitative data analyses The transcribed interviews were entered in MaxQDA and analysed by two research team members (BC, AvB) using thematic coding techniques. The initial coding framework was based on the structure of the topic guide. Subsequently, for each SEI-HS item text references were analysed on semantic, conceptual and contextual evidence and categorised [32]. Semantic evidence included all text references referring to the meaning of the language used and the comprehensibility of the item. The text references were coded ‘0’ if respondents correctly understood the wording of the item, ‘1’ if that was not the case and ‘x’ if there was no conclusive evidence. Conceptual evidence included all text references referring to the general idea or notion captured by the item. The conceptual connotations were compared with the intended concept of the item and coded as either equivalent (0), deviating (1) or inconclusive (x). Contextual evidence included all text referring to the contextual specificity of items. This specificity only becomes apparent through between-group comparison [32].The text references were coded per respondent as: ‘0’ if no culturally specific context