Addi van Bergen

168 Supplementary file 4: Details about the specific methodological limitations. 1, No theoretical motivation of the concept SE/SI. Limitation is present if the paper does not a. refer to SE literature and/or theories; b. provide a definition of SE/SI; and/or c. include a motivated choice of SE/SI measurement. Absence of theoretical motivation and conceptual underpinning may lead to confusion of what precisely is being measured [12]. 2, Data set not originally designed to measure SE/SI. Limitation is present if the study is based on secondary data only, including register and case notes data. 3, Not all dimensions of SE/SI measured. Limitation is present if only two or three of the four dimensions of SE are measured. 4, No composite measure SE/SI. Limitation is present if the study measures indicators across a number of dimensions without aggregation into a composite measure (index / scale or total score / latent variable). 4” Limitation is partly present if aggregation does not include all dimensions measured. 5, No existing SE/SI measure. Limitation is present if the study did not use a que- stionnaire designed specifically to measure SE/SI, and researchers choose their own indicators, ex post or ex ante. Limitation is partly present if validated measures were used for the dimensions of SE or a measure was constructed and (partly) validated. 6, Testing of association SE/SI -health was not a stated objective. Limitation is present if the study did not set out to test the association between SE/SI and a health-related measure, but included SE/SI or health as a confounding or mediating factor. 7, No adjustment for demographic and other potential confounding factors. Limitation is present if potential confounding was not examined. Limitation is partly present if potential confounding was examined by demographic variables but not by other factors OR potential confounding was examined by other potential confounding factors but not by demographic variables. Gender, age, ethnicity, country of birth, marital status, household composition and geographic area were classified as demographic factors. Income, education, occupation and employment were categorised as ‘other factors’.