Addi van Bergen

170 Table S1a: Description of observational studies on the association between SE/SI and mental health in the general population Study Setting Population Sample size Indicators SE/SI * Health measure ** Statistical analysis Retrospective cohort study Sacker et al. [46] UK General population, 65 years or older 4,312 SP: social exclusion index a) Measured in wave 3. MH1: Transition in psychological distress between wave 1 and 2 b) Linear regression 4,244 MH2: Psychological distress (wave 4) b) Logistic regression Cross-sectional study Bayram et al. [34] Turkey General population, 18- 80 years 2,493 S: social participation (9) E: material deprivation (8) P1: access to institutions (5) P2: access to adequate housing and safe environment (8) C: cultural normative integration (5 items) d) MH: psychological health (WHOQOL- BREF) Structural equation modeling Halleröd & Larsson [47] Sweden General population 16-74 years 4,941 S: loneliness E1: deprivation of goods/ services (36); E2: cash margin P1: crowded housing (4); P2: disorganised area (4); P3: worried by crime; P4: victimisation crime; P5: victimisation violence C1: voting; C2: politically active MH: anxiety (occurrence, over the previous two weeks, of anxiety, worry or anguish) Bivariate correlation Honey et al. [37] Australia General population, 15-29 years 3,392 S: social support (10) E: financial hardship (7) e) MH: mental health f) Linear regression Van de Beek et al. [38] Netherlands Dutch Moroccan visitors of online community,18 years or older i) 267 S:social support (3) P: perceived discrimination (9) j) MH1: depressive symptoms k) Hierarchical linear regression MH2: psychotic experiences k)