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CHAPTER 6 122 parents. The finding that adolescents in the non-enroled group reported higher problem levels than their parents, and that the contrary holds for enroled adolescents, somewhat supports this explanation. It may also be that children with problems not enroled in care consider themselves able to cope with their problems, or do not really consider them problematic [35,36,46,47]. Further research is needed to disentangle these explanations. Regarding outcomes, we found that the decrease in problem severity was relatively strong for clients enroled with internalizing or parenting problems in PCH compared to those enroled in CASC and CAMH. An explanation for this may be that problems in PCH less often have other concomitant psychosocial problems, compared to CASC and CAMH. Especially in CASC, problems are often multiple, i.e. almost 40% of the children enroled in CASC had three or four problems. Singular problems are more likely to be easily changed than are multiple problems. Resolving problems may therefore take more time in CASC and CAMH. These findings on outcomes also confirm that the system works as intended: light and short care for mild and singular problems that are easily resolved, and specialized and longer care for severe and concomitant problems that are more persistent [48,49]. Between clients of the three care types and those not enroled in care with externalizing or family problems, our study showed a substantial overlap in outcomes. Also, for clients with internalizing or parenting problems, outcomes were rather similar in CASC and in CAMH. This implies that the system as designed and realized does not highly affect problem solution; e.g. child context problems are not resolved more often in CASC than in CAMH. As far as we know this is the first study to compare several outcomes between various care types with the problem type upon enrolment. Further research is needed, for example, on the types of interventions offered within each care type, in order to determine which type of care best applies to which type of problem [9,10]. Regarding problem solution, we found substantial but by far not complete reductions in problem rates, i.e. 35 to 62% after twelve months, confirming previous research [1,5,50,51]. An explanation might be that treatment is not always aimed at problem solution , but sometimes just at making problems more manageable, as not all disorders can be cured [52]. We also found substantial problem reduction among children not in care ─ e.g. 43% for any problem after twelve months. This again confirms earlier findings [53,54], but with more robust data. Our finding suggests that problems among children and adolescents not enroled in care resolve spontaneously more easily because they are less severe and usually not accompanied by other psychosocial problems. Also, our study showed that children not enroled in care live in a more favourable context, such