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SUMMARY 150 identified child determinants were psychosocial problems, urban area residence, life events, academic problems, and past treatment. For age, gender, ethnicity, and place of residence we found varying effects. The main identified family determinants were living in other than a biological two-parent family, and SES (varying effects). The review also showed a lack of (strong) evidence on factors other than sociodemographic characteristics, such as organizational, profession-related and client- related psychological and social determinants. Also, most studies focused on use of care, resulting in limited evidence regarding determinants of the different stages of the enrolment process. Family social support and parenting skills related to enrolment in care In Chapter 5 we describe the findings of a study of associations between family social support, parenting skills, and child and adolescent enrolment in psychosocial care. We found that children of families with low family social support and parents with poor parenting skills were more likely to enrol in psychosocial care. Children’s psychosocial problems mediated this association rather than moderating it. The association between poor parenting skills and psychosocial care enrolment was completely mediated by children’s psychosocial problems; the association of family social support only partially. We found no association between positive parenting and children’s enrolment in psychosocial care. These findings indicate that the social environment plays an important role in enrolment in care and makes it likely that better parenting skills of parents and stronger family support from the family’s social network may to some extent prevent children’s psychosocial problems, or help them to cope with or solve problems. This implies the value of strengthening parenting skills and activating the social network of children and families. Problems at entry, care received, and outcomes achieved In Chapter 6 we describe our findings on the types and severity of problems among children and adolescents upon enrolment in psychosocial care, compared to children not enroled, and on outcomes after three and twelve months, overall and per care type. In general, our findings confirm the ideas behind the system of psychosocial care for children and adolescents. Children enroled in PCH had mild problems compared to children in CASC and CAMH. In CAMH, relatively many children had internalizing problems, and in CASC relatively many children had externalizing, parenting, family and multiple problems ( child problems and problems related to the child’s context , respectively).