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CHAPTER 2 30 Table 2 Child and family characteristics of the participants Parents children < 12 years Parents adolescents Adolescents N=368 a N=278 b N= 280 b Characteristics N (%) N (%) N (%) Child characteristics Gender Male 163 (44.3) 127 (45.7) 116 (41.4) Female 205 (55.7) 151 (54.3) 164 (58.6) Ethnicity Dutch 336 (93.6) 242 (89.3) 233 (90.3) Non-Dutch 23 (6.4) 29 (10.7) 25 (9.7) Psychosocial problems Normal 328 (89.1) 248 (89.2) 221 (78.9) Borderline 15 (4.1) 12 (4.3) 33 (11.8) Abnormal 25 (6.8) 18 (6.5) 26 (9.3) Psychosocial care use in past 6 months No 269 (73.1) 194 (69.8) 183 (65.4) Yes 99 (26.9) 84 (30.2) 97 (34.6) Family characteristics Parental educational level Primary education 2 (0.5) 1 (0.4) 1 (0.4) Lower levels of secondary education 21 (5.7) 31 (11.2) 25 (9.7) Higher levels of secondary education 189 (51.5) 126 (45.7) 119 (46.1) Senior vocational education 119 (32.4) 83 (30.1) 78 (30.2) University 36 (9.8) 35 (12.7) 35 (13.6) Family composition Biological two-parent family 252 (68.7) 166 (59.7) 212 (75.7) Other 115 (31.3) 112 (40.3) 68 (24.3) a Numbers do not always add up to N= 368 due to missing data. b N = 258 (86.0%) couples of parents and adolescents participated, N = 20 (6.7%) parents participated without participation of the adolescent, and N = 22 (7.3%) adolescents participated without participation of the parent.