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EXPECTATIONS OF BARRIERS 31 Table 3 Parents’ and adolescents’ barrier expectations: frequencies and means Expectations of barriers Parents children < 12 years Parents adolescents Adolescents Number (range 1- 44 a ) N (%) N (%) N (%) 0 133 (36.3) 114 (41.0) 45 (16.2) c ** 1 88 (24.0) 61 (21.9) 31 (11.2) c ** 2 44 (12.0) 29 (10.4) 25 (9.0) c ** ≥3 101 (27.6) 74 (26.6) 177 (63.7) c ** Total number (M, SD) 1.99 (2.9) 2.32 (3.7) 6.28 (6.6) c ** Score (range 1 to 5) M (SD) M (SD) M (SD) Barriers total 1.63 (0.5) 1.67 (0.6) 2.11 (0.7) c ** Stressors and obstacles 1.35 (0.5) 1.33 (0.5) b # 1.91 (0.8) c ** Demands and issues 1.72 (0.8) 1.76 (0.8) 2.05 (0.8) c ** Perceived irrelevance 2.12 (0.8) 2.23 (0.9) 2.62 (0.9) c ** Problematic relationship therapist 1.76 (0.8) 1.95 (0.9) b * 2.09 (0.9) c # M =mean, SD =standard deviation a Range 1 to 43 for adolescents b Significant differences between parents of children < 12 years and parents of adolescents, # < 0.10, * p < 0.05 c Significant differences between parents of adolescents and adolescents, # < 0.10, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.001 Association of child and family characteristics with barrier expectations The results of univariable logistic regression analyses showed that, among the three groups, there were a series of variables associated with expecting different types of multiple barriers. This was particularly true of “stressors and obstacles competing with treatment”, “treatment demands and issues” and “problematic relationship with therapist” (Table 4). The results of multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that expecting multiple barriers of the type “stressors and obstacles” was more likely in parents of children with a low educational level (Table 4). For parents of adolescents, this was more likely when their child was a boy, was of non-Dutch ethnicity or from other than two- parent families. For adolescents themselves, this was more likely for girls, when they had psychosocial problems, had used psychosocial care previously and when their parents had a university educational level (in contrast with a senior vocational education). Expecting multiple barriers of the type “treatment demands and issues” was more likely for parents of children with a low parental educational level. For parents of adolescents, this was more likely for parents of adolescent boys, of adolescents with psychosocial problems, parents with higher levels of secondary education (compared to university level), and for parents in other than a biological two-parent family. For adolescents, this was more likely for boys, for those who had used psychosocial care