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DETERMINANTS - SYSTEMATIC REVIEW 75 Table 1 Main characteristics and fin d i ngs of the incl uded studi es (n=22) Study Country Design (study period) Population Respondents (N) Age: range (mean) Outcome (standardized measurement/time period) a Determinants associated with outcome a,b Filter 1: Decision to consult (n=2) Bussing et al. [26] United States Cross-sectional (1999-2000) Children with ADHD Parents, teachers (n = 389) 5-11 (7.8) Seeking assessment for ADHD from primary care physician (pediatricians/family practitioner) or mental health specialist (i.e., general/child psychiatrist, psychologist, social worker) (ever sought) Male, Caucasian ethnicity, having regular source of routine pediatric care Sourander et al. [27] Finland Cross-sectional (1989, 1999) General population Children, parents, teachers (1989 n = 905, 1999 n = 825) 8-9 Sought help/treatment for emotional/ behavioural problems (in past year) Psychosocial problems (lower psychological health (teacher-report)), living in other than biological two-parent family (only 1999 sample) Filter 2: Recognition by a professional (n=4) Brugman et al. [6] the Netherlands Cross-sectional (1997-1998) General population Children, parents, child health professionals (n = 3390) 5-15 Identific a tion of psychosoci al pr obl em by chi ld health professional (at this moment) Psychosocial problems (total score, internalizing, externalizing, withdrawn, anxious/depressed, social problems, and aggressive behaviour), younger age (4-11 vs. 12-16), urban residence, life events (e.g. hospitalization, death of a family member, parental divorce) , academic problems, past psychological/medical/other treatment for psychosocial problems Bussing et al. [26] See fil t er 1 See filer 1 See filer 1 See filer 1 See filer 1 Obtaining a professional ADHD diagnosis (ever) Psychosocial problems (severe behaviour problems), male, Caucasian ethnicity Klein Velderman et al. [28] the Netherlands Cross-sectional (2002-2003) General population Parents, child health professionals (n = 701) 14 months Identific a tion of psychosoci al pr obl em by chi ld health professional (at this moment) Psychosocial problems (total score, internalizing, and dysregulation problems), past/current treatment for psychosocial problems Reijneveld et al. [7] the Netherlands Cross-sectional (1997-1998) General population Parents, child health professionals (n = 2063) 21 months – 4 years Identific a tion of psychosoci al pr obl em by chi ld health professional (at this moment) Psychosocial problems (total score, externalizing, oppositional, overactive, and sleep problems), older age (3.5 to 4 vs. 21 to 27 months), one-parent family, low parental educational level, no day care, past psychological/medical treatment for psychosocial problems Filter 3: Referral to specialist care (n=4) Brugman et al. [6] See fil t er 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 Referral for psychosocial problems by child health professional (at this moment) Psychosocial problems (total score, internalizing, externalizing, social problems, and aggressive behaviour), somatic complaints, life events (e.g. hospitalization, death of a family member, parental divorce), academic problems, past medical/other treatment for psychosocial problems