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CHAPTER 4 76 Table 1 (Continued) Study Country Design (study period) Population Respondents (N) Age: range (mean) Outcome (standardized measurement/time period) a Determinants associated with outcome a,b Filter 3: Referral to specialist care (n=4) Klein Velderman et al. [28] See fil t er 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 Any action (advice, follow-up, referral, consultation with others) for psychosocial problems by child health professional (at this moment) Psychosocial problems (total score, internalizing, and dysregulation problems) Reijneveld et al. [7] See fil t er 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 See filer 2 Referral for psychosocial problems by child health professional (at this moment) Psychosocial problems (total score, externalizing, and oppositional problems), low parental educational level, past psychological/medical treatment for psychosocial problems Zwaanswijk et al. [8] the Netherlands Cross-sectional (1993) General population Children, parents (n = 1120) 11-18 Referral for specialized mental health care (in past year) Psychosocial problems (total score, externalizing, anxious/depressed, and thought problems), one- parent family, change of family composition, low adolescents’ educational level, more competence in activities, less school competence, Non- Caucasian/Mediterranean ethnicity Filter 4: Decision to admit (n=1) Park et al. [29] United States Cohort, Longitudinal (2001-2003) Children in custody of child welfare referred to psychiatric crisis services Services records (n = 603) 7 - 18 First residential care placement (placement in group home/institutional settings through child welfare system) (in past year) Psychosocial problems (criminal-delinquency, risk of runaway, inappropriate sexual activities, and less suicide risk), older age, family dysfunctioning, comorbidity with medical status, caregiver’s inability for supervision, past psychiatric hospitalization, living in home setting (vs. non- kinship foster care) Use of care (n=16) Amone-P’Olak et al. [30] the Netherlands Cohort, Longitudinal (T1 2001-2002 T2 2003-2004) General population Children, parents, teachers (n = 2149) 12-15 (13.6) Use of specialty mental health care (inpatient, outpatient) (past two years) Psychosocial problems (internalizing and externalizing problems), higher SES, higher maternal education Bevaart et al. [42] the Netherlands Cohort, Longitudinal (T1 2008-2009 T2 case register 2008-2011) Children with emotional and/ or behavioural problems Parents, teachers (n = 1269) Data from psychiatric case register 5-9 (T1 5.3 T2 7.6) Use of specialist mental health care (outpatient, crisis intervention, sheltered homes, day centers and psychiatric hospitals, info from case register) (two years after signaling emotional and/or behavioural problem) Psychosocial problems (severity of problem behaviour (teacher-report)), male, Dutch ethnicity (vs. Moroccan/Turkish and other) Briggs-Gowan et al. [31] United States Cross-sectional (1988-1989) General population Parents (n = 1060) 1-9 (7.2) 1. Talked to pediatrician about problem with behaviours, emotions/ nerves (past year) 1. Psychosocial problems (any disorder), higher fin a nci al stress 2. Use of mental health care ([school] psychologist, psychiatrist, counsellor, therapist, social worker) 2. Psychosocial problems (any disorder), talk to pediatrician about child’s behaviour/emotional problem, one-parent home, negative life events (two or more negative child or parent events, e.g. parental divorce, death of a family member or close friend, loss of job by parent)