Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 6 168 Figure 6.2 Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) Notes. White squares denote plausible values at three measurement occasions (T x ). Light gray circles denote the between-level part of the model: the random intercepts (RIs). Correlations between the RIs were specified (gray double arrows). Dark grey circles denote the within-level part of the model: the within-person values (W). Correlations between the within-person values from the same measurement occasion were specified (gray double arrows). Diagonal black arrows depict the cross-lagged paths. Horizontal black arrows depict the auto-regression paths. between the random intercepts (grey double arrows). The within-person part of the model is denoted by the within-person values (dark gray circles), which are latent variables that are extracted from their respective plausible value, each with factor loading constrained to one. The residual variances of the plausible values were constrained to zero. Due to this model specification, the within-person values indicate adolescents’ deviations from their time- invariant scores. Hence, positive cross-lagged paths (diagonal black arrows) indicate, for example, whether adolescents who reported increased SMU problems relative to their usual level of SMUproblems at T1 reported increased depressive symptoms relative to their usual level of depressive symptoms at T2. By including auto-regressive paths (horizontal black arrows), the cross- lagged paths were controlled for preceding increases (or decreases) of the