Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 8 262 Table A8.1 Fixed Effects Models, Life Satisfaction m1a m2a m1b m2b Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p β B SE p β B SE p β B SE p β Wave -0.149 0.015 <0.001 -0.254 -0.152 0.018 <0.001 -0.259 -0.152 0.014 <0.001 -0.259 -0.150 0.015 <0.001 -0.256 SMU problems -0.106 0.011 <0.001 -0.168 -0.104 0.010 <0.001 -0.164 SNS viewing -0.003 0.011 0.807 -0.005 0.012 0.013 0.356 0.020 SNS posting -0.012 0.008 0.136 -0.021 -0.008 0.009 0.356 -0.014 SNS liking SNS responding IM viewing IM sending Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p β B SE p β B SE p β B SE p β Female -0.093 0.038 0.014 -0.177 -0.086 0.034 0.011 -0.162 -0.106 0.035 0.002 -0.202 -0.078 0.032 0.016 -0.147 Pre-vocational education 0.001 0.041 0.981 0.002 0.046 0.041 0.266 0.087 -0.001 0.037 0.971 -0.002 0.049 0.040 0.223 0.092 Immigrant background 0.020 0.059 0.732 0.039 0.020 0.058 0.735 0.038 0.021 0.059 0.721 0.040 0.019 0.058 0.741 0.037 SMU problems -0.197 0.018 <0.001 -0.412 -0.193 0.018 <0.001 -0.403 SNS viewing -0.036 0.018 0.048 -0.084 0.022 0.017 0.192 0.051 SNS posting -0.040 0.026 0.127 -0.069 0.017 0.029 0.554 0.029 SNS liking SNS responding IM viewing IM sending Random parameters Est. SE p Est. SE p Est. SE p Est. SE p Residual variance within 0.404 0.013 <0.001 0.388 0.014 <0.001 0.404 0.013 <0.001 0.388 0.013 <0.001 Residual variancebetween 0.272 0.017 <0.001 0.234 0.015 <0.001 0.272 0.016 <0.001 0.235 0.015 <0.001 Explained variance Est. Est. Est. Est. R 2 within 0.066 0.094 0.066 0.093 R 2 between 0.019 0.165 0.017 0.165 Fit statistics Par. Deviance AIC BIC Par. Deviance AIC BIC Par. Deviance AIC BIC Par. Deviance AIC BIC Model fit 9 12814.7 12832.7 12892.5 11 12478.5 12500.5 12573.6 9 12814.9 12832.9 12892.7 11 12481.7 12503.7 12576.8 Notes. SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; β = STDY-standardized for dichotomous variables (female, prevocational education, and immigrant background) and STDYX-standardized for the other variables; Est. = estimate; Par. = number of free parameters; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.