Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 8 266 Table A8.2 Fixed Effects Models with Quadratic Effects, Life Satisfaction m3a m4a Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p β B SE p β Wave -0.149 0.015 <0 .001 -0.253 -0.151 0.018 <0.001 -0.259 SMU problems -0.106 0.011 <0.001 -0.167 SNS viewing -0.002 0.011 0.849 -0.004 0.012 0.013 0.334 0.021 SNS viewing ^2 0.010 0.008 0.209 0.028 0.010 0.007 0.188 0.027 SNS posting SNS posting ^2 SNS liking SNS liking ^2 SNS responding SNS responding ^2 IM viewing IM viewing ^2 IM sending IM sending ^2 Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p β B SE p β Female -0.093 0.038 0.013 -0.177 -0.085 0.034 0.012 -0.161 Pre-vocational education -0.001 0.041 0.986 -0.001 0.044 0.041 0.283 0.084 Immigrant background 0.022 0.059 0.711 0.042 0.021 0.058 0.725 0.039 SMU problems -0.197 0.018 <0.001 -0.411 SNS viewing -0.038 0.019 0.042 -0.089 0.021 0.017 0.222 0.049 SNS viewing ^2 -0.010 0.011 0.381 -0.035 -0.003 0.009 0.704 -0.012 SNS posting SNS posting ^2 SNS liking SNS liking ^2 SNS responding SNS responding ^2 IM viewing IM viewing ^2 IM sending IM sending ^2 Random parameters Est. SE p Est. SE p Residual variance within 0.403 0.013 <0.001 0.388 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.272 0.017 <0.001 0.235 0.015 <0.001 Explained variance Est. Est. R 2 within 0.067 0.095 R 2 between 0.020 0.165 Fit statistics Par. Deviance AIC BIC Par. Deviance AIC BIC Model fit 11 12808.3 12830.3 12903.3 13 12474.1 12500.1 12586.4 Notes. SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; β = STDY-standardized for dichotomous variables (female, prevocational education, and immigrant background) and STDYX-standardized for the other variables; Est. = estimate; Par. = number of free parameters; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.