Maartje Boer

THE COMPLEX ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SMU AND WELLBEING 267 8 Table A8.2 (continued) Fixed Effects Models with Quadratic Effects, Life Satisfaction m3b m4b Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p β B SE p β Wave -0.154 0.013 <0.001 -0.261 -0.151 0.014 <0.001 -0.258 SMU problems -0.104 0.010 <0.001 -0.164 SNS viewing SNS viewing ^2 SNS posting -0.022 0.011 0.050 -0.038 -0.016 0.012 0.177 -0.028 SNS posting ^2 0.010 0 .007 0.140 0.040 0.009 0 .007 0.238 0.034 SNS liking SNS liking ^2 SNS responding SNS responding ^2 IM viewing IM viewing ^2 IM sending IM sending ^2 Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p β B SE p β Female -0.099 0.036 0.006 -0.188 -0.075 0.033 0.024 -0.141 Pre-vocational education 0.004 0.037 0.909 0.008 0.050 0.039 0.197 0.095 Immigrant background 0.020 0.058 0.727 0.039 0.019 0.058 0.746 0.036 SMU problems -0.192 0.018 <0.001 -0.401 SNS viewing SNS viewing ^2 SNS posting -0.079 0.032 0.014 -0.137 -0 .001 0.033 0.972 -0.003 SNS posting ^2 0.021 0.019 0.268 0.063 0.006 0.018 0.750 0.017 SNS liking SNS liking ^2 SNS responding SNS responding ^2 IM viewing IM viewing ^2 IM sending IM sending ^2 Random parameters Est. SE p Est. SE p Residual variance within 0.403 0.013 <0.001 0.388 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.271 0.016 <0.001 0.234 0.015 <0.001 Explained variance Est. Est. R 2 within 0.067 0.095 R 2 between 0.022 0.167 Fit statistics Par. Deviance AIC BIC Par. Deviance AIC BIC Model fit 11 12807.7 12829.7 12902.8 13 12477.0 12503.0 12589.4 Notes. SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; β = STDY-standardized for dichotomous variables (female, prevocational education, and immigrant background) and STDYX-standardized for the other variables; Est. = estimate; Par. = number of free parameters; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.