Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 8 268 Table A8.2 (continued) Fixed Effects Models with Quadratic Effects, Life Satisfaction m3c m4c Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p β B SE p β Wave -0.149 0.014 <0 .001 -0.253 -0.149 0.016 <0.001 -0.254 SMU problems -0.104 0.010 <0.001 -0.166 SNS viewing SNS viewing ^2 SNS posting SNS posting ^2 SNS liking -0.004 0 .007 0.574 -0.008 0.004 0 .007 0.588 0.008 SNS liking ^2 0.002 0.005 0.755 0 .007 0.002 0.005 0.693 0.008 SNS responding SNS responding ^2 IM viewing IM viewing ^2 IM sending IM sending ^2 Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p β B SE p β Female -0.097 0.037 0.008 -0.185 -0.087 0.034 0.010 -0.164 Pre-vocational education -0.016 0.041 0.692 -0.030 0.053 0.042 0.210 0.101 Immigrant background 0.014 0.059 0.811 0.027 0.025 0.059 0.668 0.048 SMU problems -0.195 0.019 <0.001 -0.407 SNS viewing SNS viewing ^2 SNS posting SNS posting ^2 SNS liking -0.014 0.015 0.357 -0.042 0.018 0.015 0.226 0.053 SNS liking ^2 <0 .001 0.007 0.976 0.001 0 .001 0.006 0.859 0.007 SNS responding SNS responding ^2 IM viewing IM viewing ^2 IM sending IM sending ^2 Random parameters Est. SE p Est. SE p Residual variance within 0.404 0.013 <0.001 0.388 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.273 0.017 <0.001 0.235 0.015 <0.001 Explained variance Est. Est. R 2 within 0.066 0.094 R 2 between 0.014 0.165 Fit statistics Par. Deviance AIC BIC Par. Deviance AIC BIC Model fit 11 12819.0 12841.0 12914.1 13 12480.7 12506.7 12593.0 Notes. SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; β = STDY-standardized for dichotomous variables (female, prevocational education, and immigrant background) and STDYX-standardized for the other variables; Est. = estimate; Par. = number of free parameters; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.