Maartje Boer

THE COMPLEX ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SMU AND WELLBEING 269 8 Table A8.2 (continued) Fixed Effects Models with Quadratic Effects, Life Satisfaction m3d m4d Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p β B SE p β Wave -0.148 0.015 <0 .001 -0.252 -0.147 0.016 <0.001 -0.251 SMU problems -0.102 0.010 <0.001 -0.162 SNS viewing SNS viewing ^2 SNS posting SNS posting ^2 SNS liking SNS liking ^2 SNS responding -0.022 0.012 0.062 -0.045 -0.012 0.013 0.352 -0.025 SNS responding ^2 0.008 0.006 0.201 0.030 0.008 0.005 0.159 0.029 IM viewing IM viewing ^2 IM sending IM sending ^2 Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p β B SE p β Female -0.095 0.041 0.020 -0.181 -0.101 0.037 0.006 -0.191 Pre-vocational education -0.014 0.041 0.732 -0.026 0.039 0.042 0.350 0.074 Immigrant background 0.018 0.059 0.763 0.034 0.023 0.059 0.693 0.044 SMU problems -0.199 0.018 <0.001 -0.415 SNS viewing SNS viewing ^2 SNS posting SNS posting ^2 SNS liking SNS liking ^2 SNS responding -0.015 0.017 0.384 -0.038 0.027 0.016 0.088 0.072 SNS responding ^2 -0.003 0.008 0.693 -0.013 -0.008 0.009 0.384 -0.031 IM viewing IM viewing ^2 IM sending IM sending ^2 Random parameters Est. SE p Est. SE p Residual variance within 0.402 0.012 <0.001 0.388 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.274 0.017 <0.001 0.234 0.015 <0.001 Explained variance Est. Est. R 2 within 0.069 0.095 R 2 between 0.014 0.170 Fit statistics Par. Deviance AIC BIC Par. Deviance AIC BIC Model fit 11 12803.0 12825.0 12898.0 13 12467.7 12493.7 12580.1 Notes. SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; β = STDY-standardized for dichotomous variables (female, prevocational education, and immigrant background) and STDYX-standardized for the other variables; Est. = estimate; Par. = number of free parameters; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.