Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 8 270 Table A8.2 (continued) Fixed Effects Models with Quadratic Effects, Life Satisfaction m3e m4e Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p β B SE p β Wave -0.149 0.014 <0 .001 -0.253 -0.150 0.015 <0.001 -0.256 SMU problems -0.105 0.010 <0.001 -0.167 SNS viewing SNS viewing ^2 SNS posting SNS posting ^2 SNS liking SNS liking ^2 SNS responding SNS responding ^2 IM viewing -0.014 0.012 0.231 -0.021 0.006 0.012 0.584 0.010 IM viewing ^2 -0.009 0 .007 0.205 -0.021 -0.006 0.007 0.393 -0.014 IM sending IM sending ^2 Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p β B SE p β Female -0.096 0.036 0.008 -0.183 -0.080 0.033 0.016 -0.151 Pre-vocational education -0.001 0.041 0.974 -0.002 0.051 0.042 0.227 0.097 Immigrant background 0.008 0.060 0.897 0.015 0.022 0.060 0.710 0.043 SMU problems -0.196 0.020 <0.001 -0.410 SNS viewing SNS viewing ^2 SNS posting SNS posting ^2 SNS liking SNS liking ^2 SNS responding SNS responding ^2 IM viewing -0.047 0.015 0.002 -0.107 0.018 0.016 0.261 0.042 IM viewing ^2 <0.001 0.012 0.996 <0 .001 0.007 0.013 0.575 0.024 IM sending IM sending ^2 Random parameters Est. SE p Est. SE p Residual variance within 0.404 0.014 <0.001 0.388 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.270 0.017 <0.001 0.234 0.014 <0.001 Explained variance Est. Est. R 2 within 0.066 0.094 R 2 between 0.023 0.165 Fit statistics Par. Deviance AIC BIC Par. Deviance AIC BIC Model fit 11 12806.0 12828.0 12901.0 13 12479.6 12505.6 12591.9 Notes. SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; β = STDY-standardized for dichotomous variables (female, prevocational education, and immigrant background) and STDYX-standardized for the other variables; Est. = estimate; Par. = number of free parameters; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.