Maartje Boer

THE COMPLEX ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SMU AND WELLBEING 275 8 Table A8.3 (continued) Random Effects Models, Life Satisfaction m5d m6d Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p B SE p Wave -0.148 0.015 <0.001 -0.147 0.016 <0.001 SMU problems -0.102 0.010 <0.001 SNS viewing SNS posting SNS liking SNS responding -0.021 0.012 0.065 -0.011 0.013 0.377 IM viewing IM sending Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p B SE p Female -0.091 0.041 0.026 -0.098 0.037 0.007 Pre-vocational education -0.012 0.041 0.778 0.042 0.043 0.325 Immigrant background 0.017 0.059 0.769 0.023 0.059 0.694 SMU problems -0.197 0.017 <0.001 SNS viewing SNS posting SNS liking SNS responding -0.013 0.016 0.433 0.027 0.016 0.081 IM viewing IM sending Random parameters B SE p B SE p Residual variance within 0.388 0.012 <0.001 0.374 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.277 0.017 <0.001 0.237 0.015 <0.001 Variance slope 0.006 0.002 0.008 0.006 0.002 0.005 Covariance slope- intercept 0.009 0.006 0.092 0.005 0.005 0.316 95% prediction intervals B SE p B SE p LL- B -0.178 0.034 <0.001 -0.161 0.032 <0.001 UL- B 0.135 0.029 <0.001 0.139 0.028 <0.001 LL- β -0.361 0.068 <0.001 -0.328 0.064 <0.001 UL- β 0.275 0.060 <0.001 0.283 0.057 <0.001 Fit statistics Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Free parameters 11 13 Deviance/AIC/BIC 12791.1 12813.1 12886.2 12461.3 12487.3 12573.6 Model comparison 1 Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Δ Free parameters 2 2 Δ Deviance/AIC/BIC -17.3 -13.3 -0.1 -13.0 -9.0 4.3 p -value deviance <0.001 0.001 Corrected p -value 2 <0.001 0.001 Notes. SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; LL = 95% prediction interval lower limit; UL = 95% prediction interval upper limit; β = STDYX-standardized; Est. = estimate; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion. 1 Model 5d was compared to Model 1d; Model 6d was compared to Model 2d. 2 The p- value for the deviance was corrected to take into account the boundary of the slope variance parameter (Hox, 2010b; Stoel et al., 2006).