Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 8 278 Table A8.4 Random Effects Models with Social Comparison as Moderator, Life Satisfaction m7a m8a Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p B SE p Wave -0.149 0.015 <0.001 -0.152 0.018 <0.001 SMU problems -0.105 0.011 <0.001 SNS viewing -0.002 0.011 0.862 0.013 0.013 0.339 SNS posting SNS liking SNS responding IM viewing IM sending Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p B SE p Female 0.020 0.032 0.536 0.002 0.031 0.957 Pre-vocational education -0.069 0.042 0.103 -0.029 0.044 0.513 Immigrant background 0.006 0.059 0.913 0.009 0.058 0.880 Social comparison -0.444 0.031 <0.001 -0.356 0.033 <0.001 SMU problems -0.118 0.016 <0.001 SNS viewing 0.005 0.017 0.785 0.031 0.016 0.046 SNS posting SNS liking SNS responding IM viewing IM sending Cross-level interactions B SE p B SE p SNS viewing * social comparison -0.006 0.019 0.745 0.002 0.018 0.926 SNS posting * social comparison SNS liking * social comparison SNS responding * social comparison IM viewing * social comparison IM sending * social comparison Random parameters B SE p B SE p Residual variance within 0.391 0.013 <0.001 0.378 0.012 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.212 0.013 <0.001 0.203 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance slope 0.008 0.004 0.034 0.006 0.004 0.104 Covariance slope-intercept 0.005 0.005 0.377 0.005 0.005 0.360 Fit statistics Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Free parameters 13 15 Deviance/AIC/BIC 12540.8 12566.8 12653.2 12316.3 12346.3 12446.0 Notes . SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; Est. = estimate; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.