Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 8 280 Table A8.4 (continued) Random Effects Models with Social Comparison as Moderator, Life Satisfaction m7c m8c Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p B SE p Wave -0.150 0.014 <0.001 -0.149 0.015 <0.001 SMU problems -0.103 0.010 <0.001 SNS viewing SNS posting SNS liking -0.005 0.007 0.509 0.003 0.007 0.709 SNS responding IM viewing IM sending Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p B SE p Female 0.012 0.032 0.706 -0.003 0.032 0.918 Pre-vocational education -0.072 0.042 0.092 -0.020 0.044 0.655 Immigrant background 0.010 0.059 0.859 0.017 0.058 0.765 Social comparison -0.453 0.031 <0.001 -0.364 0.032 <0.001 SMU problems -0.114 0.017 <0.001 SNS viewing SNS posting SNS liking 0.019 0.013 0.136 0.031 0.013 0.021 SNS responding IM viewing IM sending Cross-level interactions B SE p B SE p SNS viewing * social comparison SNS posting * social comparison SNS liking * social comparison -0.030 0.013 0.025 -0.027 0.013 0.035 SNS responding * social comparison IM viewing * social comparison IM sending * social comparison Random parameters B SE p B SE p Residual variance within 0.390 0.013 <0.001 0.376 0.014 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.211 0.014 <0.001 0.203 0.014 <0.001 Residual variance slope 0.005 0.003 0.054 0.005 0.002 0.035 Covariance slope-intercept 0.007 0.005 0.130 0.006 0.004 0.158 Fit statistics Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Free parameters 13 15 Deviance/AIC/BIC 12526.3 12552.3 12638.7 12304.7 12334.7 12434.3 Notes . SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; Est. = estimate; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.