Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 8 282 Table A8.4 (continued) Random Effects Models with Social Comparison as Moderator, Life Satisfaction m7e m8e Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p B SE p Wave -0.147 0.014 <0.001 -0.148 0.016 <0.001 SMU problems -0.105 0.010 <0.001 SNS viewing SNS posting SNS liking SNS responding IM viewing -0.011 0.011 0.320 0.008 0.012 0.472 IM sending Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p B SE p Female 0.020 0.031 0.523 0.006 0.031 0.842 Pre-vocational education -0.066 0.044 0.132 -0.021 0.045 0.632 Immigrant background 0.006 0.058 0.911 0.017 0.058 0.774 Social comparison -0.442 0.032 <0.001 -0.357 0.032 <0.001 SMU problems -0.117 0.018 <0.001 SNS viewing SNS posting SNS liking SNS responding IM viewing <0.001 0.015 0.992 0.028 0.015 0.059 IM sending Cross-level interactions B SE p B SE p SNS viewing * social comparison SNS posting * social comparison SNS liking * social comparison SNS responding * social comparison IM viewing * social comparison -0.007 0.018 0.684 0.002 0.018 0.929 IM sending * social comparison Random parameters B SE p B SE p Residual variance within 0.387 0.016 <0.001 0.373 0.015 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.213 0.014 <0.001 0.205 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance slope 0.012 0.004 0.003 0.011 0.004 0.006 Covariance slope-intercept 0.006 0.006 0.297 0.005 0.005 0.326 Fit statistics Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Free parameters 13 15 Deviance/AIC/BIC 12532.3 12558.3 12644.7 12313.1 12343.1 12442.7 Notes . SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; Est. = estimate; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.