Maartje Boer

THE COMPLEX ASSOCIATION BETWEEN SMU AND WELLBEING 283 8 Table A8.4 (continued) Random Effects Models with Social Comparison as Moderator, Life Satisfaction m7f m8f Level 1 ( n = 5,676) B SE p B SE p Wave -0.148 0.014 <0.001 -0.147 0.015 <0.001 SMU problems -0.101 0.009 <0.001 SNS viewing SNS posting SNS liking SNS responding IM viewing IM sending -0.024 0.012 0.051 -0.011 0.013 0.388 Level 2 ( n = 1,419) B SE p B SE p Female 0.023 0.031 0.466 0.007 0.031 0.810 Pre-vocational education -0.066 0.042 0.118 -0.019 0.043 0.667 Immigrant background 0.005 0.059 0.930 0.014 0.058 0.808 Social comparison -0.444 0.032 <0.001 -0.358 0.033 <0.001 SMU problems -0.113 0.018 <0.001 SNS viewing SNS posting SNS liking SNS responding IM viewing IM sending 0.003 0.013 0.842 0.023 0.014 0.103 Cross-level interactions B SE p B SE p SNS viewing * social comparison SNS posting * social comparison SNS liking * social comparison SNS responding * social comparison IM viewing * social comparison IM sending * social comparison -0.024 0.017 0.153 -0.019 0.017 0.263 Random parameters B SE p B SE p Residual variance within 0.391 0.014 <0.001 0.378 0.014 <0.001 Residual variance between 0.212 0.013 <0.001 0.203 0.013 <0.001 Residual variance slope 0.006 0.004 0.069 0.005 0.003 0.109 Covariance slope-intercept 0.013 0.006 0.018 0.011 0.005 0.026 Fit statistics Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Est. Free parameters 13 15 Deviance/AIC/BIC 12518.1 12544.1 12630.5 12310.7 12340.7 12440.3 Notes . SNS = social network sites; IM = instant messengers; SMU = social media use; Level 1 = yearly measurements; Level 2 = adolescents; B = unstandardized coefficient; SE = standard error, p = p- value; Est. = estimate; Deviance = -2*loglikelihood; AIC = Akaike Information Criterion; BIC = Bayesian Information Criterion.