Maartje Boer

CROSS-NATIONAL VALIDATION OF THE SMD-SCALE 93 3 Table A3.7 Gender Measurement Invariance, by Country (n = 222,532 in 44 Countries) Configural invariance 1 (par. = 36) Scalar invariance 2 (par. = 29) Change CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR ΔCFI ΔRMSEA Albania 0.981 0.975 0.036 0.049 0.981 0.977 0.035 0.050 0.000 -0.001 Armenia 0.989 0.985 0.030 0.039 0.987 0.984 0.030 0.040 -0.002 0.000 Austria 0.982 0.977 0.030 0.039 0.978 0.975 0.032 0.042 -0.004 0.002 Azerbaijan 0.977 0.970 0.044 0.046 0.977 0.972 0.042 0.046 0.000 -0.002 Belgium (Flanders) 0.980 0.973 0.037 0.043 0.975 0.971 0.039 0.046 -0.005 0.002 Belgium (Wallonia) 0.982 0.976 0.037 0.038 0.981 0.977 0.036 0.039 -0.001 -0.001 Canada 0.971 0.962 0.032 0.049 0.973 0.968 0.029 0.049 0.002 -0.003 Croatia 0.977 0.969 0.049 0.045 0.976 0.971 0.048 0.046 -0.001 -0.001 Czechia 0.978 0.970 0.038 0.043 0.976 0.972 0.037 0.045 -0.002 -0.001 Denmark 0.978 0.970 0.040 0.053 0.974 0.969 0.041 0.055 -0.004 0.001 England 0.974 0.965 0.046 0.051 0.970 0.965 0.046 0.053 -0.004 0.000 Estonia 0.974 0.965 0.045 0.050 0.973 0.968 0.043 0.051 -0.001 -0.002 Finland 0.985 0.980 0.044 0.043 0.982 0.979 0.046 0.044 -0.003 0.002 France 0.975 0.966 0.036 0.040 0.974 0.969 0.034 0.041 -0.001 -0.002 Georgia 0.981 0.975 0.029 0.046 0.981 0.978 0.027 0.046 0.000 -0.002 Germany 0.979 0.972 0.034 0.044 0.978 0.974 0.033 0.045 -0.001 -0.001 Greece 0.988 0.984 0.027 0.035 0.982 0.979 0.030 0.038 -0.006 0.003 Hungary 0.968 0.957 0.039 0.050 0.962 0.955 0.040 0.053 -0.006 0.001 Iceland 0.990 0.987 0.031 0.036 0.990 0.988 0.030 0.036 0.000 -0.001 Ireland 0.967 0.956 0.055 0.053 0.963 0.956 0.055 0.054 -0.004 0.000 Israel 0.972 0.963 0.034 0.040 0.970 0.965 0.034 0.042 -0.002 0.000 Italy 0.979 0.971 0.036 0.042 0.980 0.976 0.033 0.043 0.001 -0.003 Kazakhstan 0.983 0.977 0.034 0.043 0.983 0.980 0.032 0.044 0.000 -0.002 Latvia 0.980 0.973 0.035 0.043 0.981 0.978 0.032 0.043 0.001 -0.003 Lithuania 0.979 0.971 0.044 0.047 0.979 0.975 0.041 0.048 0.000 -0.003 Luxembourg 0.977 0.970 0.036 0.044 0.977 0.973 0.034 0.045 0.000 -0.002 Malta 0.985 0.980 0.031 0.042 0.983 0.980 0.030 0.043 -0.002 -0.001 Netherlands 0.990 0.986 0.021 0.037 0.991 0.989 0.018 0.038 0.001 -0.003 North Macedonia 0.979 0.972 0.036 0.041 0.977 0.973 0.036 0.043 -0.002 0.000 Norway 0.986 0.982 0.037 0.035 0.985 0.982 0.037 0.035 -0.001 0.000 Poland 0.975 0.967 0.041 0.046 0.977 0.973 0.038 0.046 0.002 -0.003 Portugal 0.976 0.967 0.046 0.045 0.973 0.969 0.045 0.045 -0.003 -0.001 Republic of Moldova 0.981 0.975 0.029 0.038 0.981 0.978 0.027 0.039 0.000 -0.002 Romania 0.982 0.976 0.033 0.037 0.982 0.978 0.032 0.038 0.000 -0.001 Russian Federation 0.989 0.986 0.035 0.033 0.988 0.986 0.034 0.034 -0.001 -0.001 Scotland 0.971 0.961 0.048 0.055 0.970 0.965 0.046 0.056 -0.001 -0.002 Serbia 0.975 0.967 0.049 0.053 0.975 0.971 0.046 0.054 0.000 -0.003 Slovenia 0.985 0.980 0.034 0.038 0.986 0.983 0.031 0.039 0.001 -0.003 Spain 0.982 0.976 0.047 0.042 0.982 0.978 0.044 0.042 0.000 -0.003 Sweden 0.967 0.956 0.047 0.056 0.965 0.958 0.045 0.057 -0.002 -0.002 Switzerland 0.981 0.975 0.029 0.037 0.978 0.973 0.030 0.040 -0.003 0.001 Turkey 0.981 0.975 0.038 0.038 0.980 0.977 0.036 0.039 -0.001 -0.002 Ukraine 0.973 0.964 0.043 0.047 0.974 0.969 0.040 0.047 0.001 -0.003 Wales 0.979 0.973 0.047 0.040 0.977 0.973 0.046 0.041 -0.002 -0.001 Notes. SMU = social media use; par. = number of free parameters; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker Lewis index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual. 1 Item thresholds and factor loadings were allowed to vary across boys and girls. 2 Item thresholds and factor loadings were constrained to be equal across boys and girls.