Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 3 94 Table A3.8 Age Measurement Invariance, by Country (n = 221,093 in 44 countries) Configural invariance 1 (par. = 54) Scalar invariance 2 (par. = 40) Change CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR ΔCFI ΔRMSEA Albania 0.988 0.985 0.027 0.054 0.982 0.979 0.031 0.058 -0.006 0.004 Armenia 0.989 0.986 0.027 0.039 0.989 0.988 0.025 0.041 0.000 -0.002 Austria 0.983 0.978 0.029 0.043 0.983 0.981 0.027 0.045 0.000 -0.002 Azerbaijan 0.982 0.976 0.059 0.080 0.980 0.978 0.057 0.080 -0.002 -0.002 Belgium (Flanders) 0.978 0.971 0.038 0.047 0.978 0.975 0.035 0.048 0.000 -0.003 Belgium (Wallonia) 0.980 0.973 0.038 0.042 0.976 0.973 0.038 0.045 -0.004 0.000 Canada 0.967 0.956 0.032 0.052 0.968 0.963 0.030 0.053 0.001 -0.002 Croatia 0.978 0.970 0.047 0.046 0.976 0.972 0.045 0.047 -0.002 -0.002 Czechia 0.978 0.971 0.037 0.044 0.978 0.975 0.035 0.045 0.000 -0.002 Denmark 0.975 0.966 0.042 0.060 0.976 0.973 0.038 0.062 0.001 -0.004 England 0.976 0.968 0.043 0.052 0.976 0.973 0.039 0.054 0.000 -0.004 Estonia 0.973 0.964 0.045 0.054 0.969 0.965 0.044 0.057 -0.004 -0.001 Finland 0.988 0.984 0.039 0.046 0.988 0.986 0.037 0.046 0.000 -0.002 France 0.978 0.971 0.033 0.041 0.977 0.974 0.032 0.043 -0.001 -0.001 Georgia 0.984 0.979 0.023 0.044 0.984 0.982 0.022 0.045 0.000 -0.001 Germany 0.983 0.977 0.031 0.043 0.982 0.980 0.029 0.045 -0.001 -0.002 Greece 0.985 0.980 0.027 0.041 0.980 0.977 0.029 0.045 -0.005 0.002 Hungary 0.963 0.951 0.041 0.057 0.959 0.953 0.040 0.061 -0.004 -0.001 Iceland 0.989 0.986 0.033 0.039 0.989 0.988 0.030 0.039 0.000 -0.003 Ireland 0.966 0.955 0.054 0.055 0.964 0.959 0.052 0.057 -0.002 -0.002 Israel 0.974 0.965 0.033 0.041 0.976 0.972 0.029 0.042 0.002 -0.004 Italy 0.978 0.971 0.035 0.046 0.976 0.973 0.034 0.047 -0.002 -0.001 Kazakhstan 0.982 0.976 0.032 0.047 0.982 0.980 0.029 0.049 0.000 -0.003 Latvia 0.981 0.974 0.034 0.045 0.979 0.976 0.033 0.048 -0.002 -0.001 Lithuania 0.978 0.971 0.045 0.051 0.979 0.976 0.041 0.052 0.001 -0.004 Luxembourg 0.978 0.970 0.036 0.045 0.977 0.974 0.033 0.047 -0.001 -0.003 Malta 0.985 0.980 0.029 0.043 0.972 0.968 0.037 0.048 -0.013 0.008 Netherlands 0.989 0.986 0.021 0.044 0.990 0.989 0.018 0.048 0.001 -0.003 North Macedonia 0.976 0.968 0.035 0.045 0.975 0.972 0.033 0.047 -0.001 -0.002 Norway 0.980 0.973 0.038 0.038 0.979 0.976 0.037 0.039 -0.001 -0.001 Poland 0.977 0.969 0.040 0.048 0.976 0.972 0.037 0.049 -0.001 -0.003 Portugal 0.977 0.970 0.043 0.046 0.975 0.971 0.043 0.048 -0.002 0.000 Republic of Moldova 0.978 0.971 0.029 0.043 0.977 0.974 0.028 0.045 -0.001 -0.001 Romania 0.986 0.981 0.029 0.038 0.979 0.976 0.033 0.041 -0.007 0.004 Russian Federation 0.989 0.986 0.033 0.035 0.987 0.985 0.034 0.037 -0.002 0.001 Scotland 0.970 0.960 0.046 0.059 0.971 0.967 0.041 0.059 0.001 -0.005 Serbia 0.979 0.971 0.043 0.052 0.979 0.976 0.039 0.053 0.000 -0.004 Slovenia 0.985 0.981 0.032 0.042 0.985 0.983 0.030 0.045 0.000 -0.002 Spain 0.983 0.977 0.045 0.042 0.981 0.978 0.044 0.044 -0.002 -0.001 Sweden 0.971 0.962 0.044 0.056 0.973 0.969 0.039 0.058 0.002 -0.005 Switzerland 0.979 0.972 0.031 0.041 0.978 0.975 0.029 0.043 -0.001 -0.002 Turkey 0.978 0.971 0.040 0.044 0.977 0.974 0.038 0.045 -0.001 -0.002 Ukraine 0.976 0.968 0.040 0.048 0.974 0.970 0.039 0.050 -0.002 -0.001 Wales 0.981 0.975 0.046 0.041 0.980 0.978 0.043 0.041 -0.001 -0.003 Notes. SMU = social media use; par. = number of free parameters; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker Lewis index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual. The sample size refers to the complete data on age, as multiple CFA can only be conducted on complete data on the grouping variable (age). 1 Item thresholds and factor loadings were allowed to vary across 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds. 2 Item thresholds and factor loadings were constrained to be equal across 11-, 13-, and 15-year-olds.