Maartje Boer

CROSS-NATIONAL VALIDATION OF THE SMD-SCALE 95 3 Table A3.9 Socioeconomic Measurement Invariance, by Country (n = 212,353 in 44 Countries) Configural invariance 1 (par. = 54) Scalar invariance 2 (par. = 40) Change CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR ΔCFI ΔRMSEA Albania 0.992 0.989 0.025 0.047 0.991 0.990 0.023 0.049 -0.001 -0.002 Armenia 0.988 0.984 0.030 0.040 0.989 0.988 0.026 0.040 0.001 -0.004 Austria 0.984 0.978 0.030 0.045 0.985 0.983 0.026 0.047 0.001 -0.004 Azerbaijan 0.977 0.969 0.049 0.060 0.977 0.974 0.045 0.062 0.000 -0.004 Belgium (Flanders) 0.980 0.973 0.037 0.045 0.982 0.980 0.032 0.046 0.002 -0.005 Belgium (Wallonia) 0.982 0.976 0.037 0.041 0.983 0.980 0.033 0.043 0.001 -0.004 Canada 0.974 0.965 0.034 0.052 0.973 0.970 0.032 0.054 -0.001 -0.002 Croatia 0.978 0.970 0.047 0.047 0.978 0.975 0.043 0.047 0.000 -0.004 Czechia 0.977 0.969 0.038 0.044 0.978 0.975 0.034 0.045 0.001 -0.004 Denmark 0.973 0.964 0.044 0.063 0.977 0.973 0.038 0.063 0.004 -0.006 England 0.975 0.967 0.045 0.054 0.976 0.972 0.041 0.055 0.001 -0.004 Estonia 0.978 0.971 0.041 0.050 0.981 0.978 0.036 0.051 0.003 -0.005 Finland 0.987 0.983 0.040 0.043 0.987 0.986 0.037 0.044 0.000 -0.003 France 0.977 0.969 0.036 0.044 0.979 0.976 0.032 0.045 0.002 -0.004 Georgia 0.986 0.981 0.025 0.045 0.987 0.985 0.022 0.046 0.001 -0.003 Germany 0.982 0.976 0.032 0.044 0.984 0.982 0.028 0.045 0.002 -0.004 Greece 0.985 0.980 0.029 0.040 0.985 0.983 0.027 0.042 0.000 -0.002 Hungary 0.962 0.949 0.041 0.057 0.967 0.962 0.036 0.059 0.005 -0.005 Iceland 0.993 0.990 0.028 0.036 0.993 0.992 0.026 0.036 0.000 -0.002 Ireland 0.966 0.955 0.056 0.057 0.966 0.961 0.052 0.057 0.000 -0.004 Israel 0.973 0.964 0.035 0.041 0.973 0.970 0.032 0.043 0.000 -0.003 Italy 0.979 0.973 0.036 0.045 0.982 0.980 0.031 0.045 0.003 -0.005 Kazakhstan 0.981 0.975 0.034 0.048 0.980 0.977 0.033 0.050 -0.001 -0.001 Latvia 0.983 0.977 0.033 0.043 0.985 0.983 0.028 0.044 0.002 -0.005 Lithuania 0.980 0.973 0.043 0.049 0.982 0.979 0.038 0.050 0.002 -0.005 Luxembourg 0.976 0.967 0.037 0.048 0.975 0.971 0.035 0.050 -0.001 -0.002 Malta 0.989 0.985 0.027 0.044 0.989 0.988 0.024 0.045 0.000 -0.003 Netherlands 0.987 0.983 0.023 0.044 0.989 0.988 0.020 0.045 0.002 -0.003 North Macedonia 0.976 0.967 0.038 0.046 0.976 0.973 0.035 0.047 0.000 -0.003 Norway 0.987 0.982 0.037 0.037 0.987 0.985 0.034 0.038 0.000 -0.003 Poland 0.978 0.971 0.041 0.048 0.980 0.977 0.036 0.049 0.002 -0.005 Portugal 0.977 0.970 0.044 0.045 0.979 0.976 0.039 0.046 0.002 -0.005 Republic of Moldova 0.986 0.981 0.025 0.037 0.987 0.985 0.023 0.039 0.001 -0.002 Romania 0.984 0.978 0.032 0.040 0.985 0.983 0.028 0.040 0.001 -0.004 Russian Federation 0.990 0.987 0.033 0.036 0.991 0.990 0.029 0.036 0.001 -0.004 Scotland 0.972 0.963 0.047 0.057 0.972 0.968 0.043 0.058 0.000 -0.004 Serbia 0.977 0.970 0.046 0.053 0.979 0.976 0.041 0.053 0.002 -0.005 Slovenia 0.990 0.986 0.029 0.037 0.991 0.990 0.025 0.038 0.001 -0.004 Spain 0.984 0.979 0.045 0.042 0.984 0.982 0.041 0.042 0.000 -0.004 Sweden 0.971 0.961 0.046 0.058 0.969 0.965 0.044 0.061 -0.002 -0.002 Switzerland 0.978 0.970 0.032 0.042 0.979 0.976 0.029 0.044 0.001 -0.003 Turkey 0.985 0.980 0.035 0.039 0.986 0.984 0.031 0.039 0.001 -0.004 Ukraine 0.976 0.968 0.040 0.046 0.977 0.974 0.036 0.047 0.001 -0.004 Wales 0.981 0.975 0.048 0.040 0.981 0.978 0.044 0.041 0.000 -0.004 Notes. SMU = social media use; par. = number of free parameters; CFI = comparative fit index; TLI = Tucker Lewis index; RMSEA = root mean square error of approximation; SRMR = standardized root mean square residual. The sample size refers to the complete data on socioeconomic status, as multiple CFA can only be conducted on complete data on the grouping variable (socioeconomic status). 1 Item thresholds and factor loadings were allowed to vary across adolescents with low, moderate, and high socioeconomic status. 2 Item thresholds and factor loadings were constrained to be equal across adolescents with low, moderate, and high socioeconomic status.