Maartje Boer

CROSS-NATIONAL VALIDATION OF THE SMD-SCALE 97 3 Table A3.11 Psychosomatic Complaints, by Problematic SMU and Country (n = 222,532 in 44 Countries) Means, total Means, non- problematic Means, problematic Effect size mean differences Mean 95% LL 95% UL Mean 95% LL 95% UL Mean 95% LL 95% UL β SE p Albania 1.89 1.85 1.93 1.82 1.78 1.86 2.40 2.27 2.53 0.623 0.088 <0.001 Armenia 1.86 1.84 1.88 1.83 1.81 1.85 2.31 2.19 2.42 0.634 0.082 <0.001 Austria 1.99 1.97 2.02 1.96 1.94 1.99 2.65 2.50 2.79 0.806 0.081 <0.001 Azerbaijan 1.67 1.65 1.70 1.60 1.57 1.63 2.35 2.26 2.44 0.924 0.074 <0.001 Belgium(Flanders) 1.99 1.97 2.01 1.95 1.93 1.97 2.50 2.39 2.61 0.714 0.077 <0.001 Belgium(Wallonia) 2.22 2.20 2.24 2.18 2.15 2.20 2.68 2.60 2.76 0.574 0.049 <0.001 Canada 2.09 2.07 2.12 2.05 2.03 2.07 2.74 2.63 2.86 0.699 0.069 <0.001 Croatia 1.89 1.87 1.92 1.83 1.80 1.85 2.46 2.38 2.55 0.714 0.055 <0.001 Czechia 2.05 2.03 2.07 2.02 2.01 2.04 2.56 2.47 2.64 0.669 0.060 <0.001 Denmark 1.97 1.95 2 .00 1.95 1.92 1.98 2.52 2 .34 2.69 0.688 0.112 <0.001 England 2.18 2.15 2.21 2.13 2.09 2.16 2.77 2.63 2.91 0.666 0.089 <0.001 Estonia 2.16 2.13 2.19 2.12 2.09 2.14 2.86 2.74 2.98 0.795 0.064 <0.001 Finland 2.22 2.19 2.25 2.16 2.13 2.20 2.70 2.59 2.82 0.598 0.068 <0.001 France 2.20 2.18 2.22 2.16 2.14 2.18 2.74 2.66 2.82 0.671 0.055 <0.001 Georgia 2.06 2.03 2.09 2.04 2.02 2.07 2.42 2.27 2.58 0.408 0.090 <0.001 Germany 2.03 2.01 2.05 2 .00 1.98 2.03 2.52 2.39 2 .65 0.713 0.094 <0.001 Greece 2.16 2.13 2.18 2.09 2.06 2.12 2.78 2.69 2.87 0.713 0.058 <0.001 Hungary 2.21 2.18 2.24 2.17 2.14 2.20 2.90 2.77 3.04 0.816 0.088 <0.001 Iceland 2.20 2.18 2.22 2.17 2.15 2.20 2.69 2.57 2.82 0.564 0.065 <0.001 Ireland 2.04 2.01 2.07 1.97 1.94 2.00 2.56 2.48 2.65 0.638 0.056 <0.001 Israel 2.40 2.38 2.43 2.36 2.33 2.38 3.26 3.12 3.41 0.872 0.072 <0.001 Italy 2.42 2.39 2.45 2.36 2.34 2.39 2.89 2.81 2.98 0.573 0.054 <0.001 Kazakhstan 1.72 1.70 1.75 1.71 1.68 1.73 2.06 1.92 2.20 0.453 0.094 <0.001 Latvia 2.14 2.11 2.16 2.10 2.08 2.13 2.75 2.61 2.89 0.663 0.078 <0.001 Lithuania 1.99 1.96 2.01 1.94 1.91 1.97 2.49 2.38 2.61 0.630 0.058 <0.001 Luxembourg 2.21 2.18 2.23 2.17 2.14 2.19 2.68 2.58 2.78 0.635 0.068 <0.001 Malta 2.37 2.33 2.41 2.27 2.23 2.30 2.90 2.80 3.00 0.645 0.062 <0.001 Netherlands 1.91 1.89 1.94 1.89 1.87 1.91 2.61 2.44 2.78 0.859 0.111 <0.001 North Macedonia 1.78 1.75 1.81 1.72 1.69 1.75 2.36 2.26 2.46 0.763 0.062 <0.001 Norway 1.92 1.90 1.95 1.90 1.87 1.93 2.15 2.04 2.26 0.309 0.079 <0.001 Poland 2.14 2.11 2.16 2.09 2.06 2.11 2.73 2.64 2.82 0.710 0.060 <0.001 Portugal 1.91 1.89 1.93 1.88 1.85 1.90 2.44 2.33 2.55 0.656 0.066 <0.001 Republic of Moldova 2.01 1.98 2.03 1.98 1.96 2.01 2.27 2.17 2.36 0.322 0.068 <0.001 Romania 2.12 2.09 2.14 2.04 2.02 2.07 2.62 2.54 2.69 0.603 0.046 <0.001 Russian Federation 1.98 1.95 2 .00 1.94 1.91 1.97 2.43 2 .31 2.55 0.559 0.068 <0.001 Scotland 2.06 2.03 2.08 2 .00 1.97 2.02 2.64 2.54 2 .74 0.670 0.064 <0.001 Serbia 1.86 1.84 1.89 1.82 1.80 1.85 2.40 2.27 2.52 0.635 0.093 <0.001 Slovenia 1.91 1.89 1.94 1.88 1.86 1.90 2.55 2.43 2.66 0.731 0.069 <0.001 Spain 1.81 1.79 1.83 1.76 1.74 1.79 2.10 2.03 2.18 0.446 0.046 <0.001 Sweden 2.32 2.29 2.35 2.28 2.26 2.31 2.98 2.84 3.12 0.718 0.086 <0.001 Switzerland 2.08 2.06 2.10 2.05 2.03 2.07 2.74 2.64 2.84 0.885 0.064 <0.001 Turkey 2.44 2.42 2.47 2.39 2.36 2.41 2.90 2.83 2.97 0.527 0.043 <0.001 Ukraine 2.16 2.14 2.18 2.12 2.10 2.14 2.62 2.53 2.71 0.606 0.062 <0.001 Wales 2.10 2.09 2.12 2.02 2.01 2.04 2.68 2.63 2.73 0.692 0.030 <0.001 Notes. SMU = social media use; LL = confidence interval lower limit; UL = confidence interval upper limit; β = STDY- standardized (i.e., B /standard deviation(Y)), controlled for gender, age, and socioeconomic status; SE = standard error; p = p-value.