Maartje Boer

CHAPTER 3 98 Table A3.12 Intensity of Online Communication, by Problematic SMU and Country (n = 222,532 in 44 Countries) Means, total Means, non- problematic Means, problematic Effect size mean differences Mean 95% LL 95% UL Mean 95% LL 95% UL Mean 95% LL 95% UL β SE p Albania 4.04 3.98 4.10 4.01 3.94 4.07 4.31 4.14 4.47 0.201 0.079 0.011 Armenia 3.58 3.53 3.62 3.56 3.52 3.61 3.79 3.61 3.96 0.163 0.072 0.023 Austria 3.87 3.83 3.90 3.84 3.81 3.88 4.37 4.25 4.49 0.470 0.059 <0.001 Azerbaijan 2.79 2.74 2.84 2.84 2.79 2.89 2.33 2.16 2.49 -0.273 0.086 0.001 Belgium (Flanders) 3.71 3.67 3.76 3.68 3.64 3.72 4.20 4.06 4.33 0.323 0.058 <0.001 Belgium (Wallonia) 3.91 3.87 3.94 3.86 3.82 3.89 4.41 4.32 4.51 0.416 0.042 <0.001 Canada 3.71 3.68 3.74 3.68 3.64 3.71 4.17 4.06 4.29 0.341 0.054 <0.001 Croatia 3.73 3.69 3.77 3.69 3.65 3.73 4.11 4.00 4.22 0.282 0.051 <0.001 Czechia 3.40 3.38 3.42 3.36 3.34 3.39 4.09 3.99 4.18 0.538 0.045 <0.001 Denmark 3.86 3.82 3.89 3.84 3.80 3.88 4.17 3.98 4.37 0.252 0.097 0.009 England 3.76 3.72 3.80 3.71 3.67 3.76 4.29 4.14 4.44 0.440 0.072 <0.001 Estonia 3.81 3.78 3.84 3.79 3.76 3.82 4.16 4.03 4.29 0.343 0.060 <0.001 Finland 3.83 3.79 3.87 3.79 3.75 3.83 4.16 4.03 4.29 0.317 0.067 <0.001 France 3.84 3.81 3.87 3.80 3.77 3.83 4.30 4.21 4.40 0.367 0.046 <0.001 Georgia 3.64 3.60 3.67 3.63 3.59 3.67 3.75 3.56 3.94 0.082 0.083 0.328 Germany 3.62 3.58 3.66 3.60 3.56 3.63 4.05 3.89 4.21 0.392 0.078 <0.001 Greece 3.73 3.69 3.77 3.68 3.64 3.72 4.19 4.08 4.30 0.327 0.049 <0.001 Hungary 3.75 3.72 3.79 3.73 3.70 3.76 4.22 4.09 4.36 0.506 0.071 <0.001 Iceland 3.79 3.76 3.81 3.77 3.74 3.80 4.16 4.03 4.29 0.266 0.063 <0.001 Ireland 3.85 3.81 3.89 3.79 3.75 3.83 4.31 4.22 4.41 0.354 0.046 <0.001 Israel 3.85 3.82 3.89 3.84 3.80 3.87 4.15 4.01 4.29 0.228 0.063 <0.001 Italy 4.15 4.11 4.18 4.12 4.08 4.15 4.36 4.26 4.45 0.206 0.044 <0.001 Kazakhstan 3.53 3.48 3.57 3.51 3.46 3.55 3.92 3.70 4.14 0.284 0.078 <0.001 Latvia 3.46 3.43 3.50 3.44 3.40 3.48 3.92 3.75 4.08 0.382 0.069 <0.001 Lithuania 3.93 3.89 3.96 3.91 3.87 3.94 4.16 4.03 4.30 0.212 0.058 <0.001 Luxembourg 3.78 3.75 3.82 3.75 3.71 3.79 4.25 4.13 4.36 0.397 0.053 <0.001 Malta 4.02 3.97 4.06 3.97 3.92 4.02 4.27 4.17 4.38 0.254 0.060 <0.001 Netherlands 3.71 3.68 3.74 3.69 3.66 3.73 4.18 4.00 4.36 0.339 0.079 <0.001 North Macedonia 4.10 4.07 4.13 4.07 4.04 4.11 4.37 4.27 4.46 0.220 0.052 <0.001 Norway 3.86 3.81 3.90 3.84 3.79 3.88 4.06 3.91 4.20 0.166 0.060 0.005 Poland 3.98 3.95 4.01 3.96 3.92 3.99 4.31 4.21 4.41 0.264 0.047 <0.001 Portugal 3.93 3.90 3.96 3.91 3.88 3.94 4.28 4.16 4.41 0.280 0.054 <0.001 Republic of Moldova 3.85 3.81 3.88 3.81 3.77 3.85 4.28 4.16 4.40 0.343 0.049 <0.001 Romania 4.05 4.02 4.09 4.01 3.98 4.05 4.31 4.22 4.40 0.234 0.046 <0.001 Russian Federation 3.78 3.74 3.82 3.77 3.73 3.81 3.92 3.79 4.05 0.115 0.059 0.051 Scotland 3.94 3.90 3.97 3.89 3.85 3.92 4.45 4.35 4.54 0.469 0.046 <0.001 Serbia 4.00 3.96 4.04 3.97 3.93 4.01 4.44 4.30 4.58 0.301 0.065 <0.001 Slovenia 3.58 3.55 3.62 3.55 3.51 3.59 4.12 3.98 4.26 0.352 0.056 <0.001 Spain 3.78 3.74 3.82 3.73 3.69 3.77 4.09 4.00 4.19 0.256 0.041 <0.001 Sweden 3.98 3.94 4.02 3.95 3.92 3.99 4.44 4.31 4.58 0.341 0.062 <0.001 Switzerland 3.52 3.50 3.55 3.49 3.47 3.52 4.20 4.09 4.31 0.635 0.052 <0.001 Turkey 3.63 3.60 3.67 3.59 3.55 3.63 4.01 3.91 4.12 0.279 0.045 <0.001 Ukraine 3.62 3.59 3.65 3.60 3.56 3.63 3.91 3.78 4.04 0.240 0.054 <0.001 Wales 3.83 3.81 3.85 3.77 3.75 3.79 4.20 4.15 4.25 0.321 0.027 <0.001 Notes. SMU = social media use; LL = confidence interval lower limit; UL = confidence interval upper limit; β = STDY- standardized (i.e., B /standard deviation(Y)), controlled for gender, age, and socioeconomic status; SE = standard error; p = p-value.