Table 2: Ventilation day characteristics and hazard ratios for univariate models of time‐dependent covariates Best‐fitting *** non‐cumulative exposure‐risk model (current effect of the current or delayed value of the time‐dependent variable) WCE exposure‐risk model (current effect of the current and past values of the time‐varying variable for the best‐fitting model) Exposure‐risk model selected **** for inclusion in final model Original ventilator days (%) * LOCF ventilator days (%) ** Optimal model HR 95% CI p‐value AIC Relevant exposure window & number of knots for best‐fitting model HR & 95%CI Adjusted p‐ value (multiple testing)***** AIC Sedation score Current 977 22 days Fig 3A 0.162 980 Current 1 737 (9.4) 741 (9.4) 0.07 (0.01, 0.52) 0.010 1 knot for all 5 2 1095 (13.9) 1095 (13.9) 0.44 (0.19, 1.01) 0.051 3 944 (12.0) 944 (12.0) 0.39 (0.18, 0.87) 0.020 4 1207 (15.3) 1208 (15.3) 0.41 (0.20, 0.83) 0.013 5 1929 (24.5) 1932 (24.5) 0.67 (0.38, 1.19) 0.175 6 1950 (24.8) 1952 (24.8) Ref missing 10 (0.1) 0 (0.0) Feeding mode 2‐day delay 969 8 days Fig 3G 0.929 972 2‐day delay No feeding 592 (7.5) 592 (7.5) 2.26 (1.06, 4.78) 0.034 1 knot for both (combined) Parenteral 1238 (15.7) 1248 (15.9) Ref Enteral & Both 6001 (76.2) 6032 (76.6) 0.88 (0.46, 1.67) 0.692 missing 41 (0.5) 0 (0.0) Inhalation therapy 2‐day delay 987 28 days Fig 3F 0.048 975 WCE None 2694 (34.2) 2695 (34.3) Ref 3 knots for both (combined) Jet nebulizer 1506 (19.1) 1506 (19.1) 1.44 (0.48, 4.27) 0.513 Metered dose inhaler 3671 (46.6) 3671 (46.6) 0.62 (0.35, 1.11) 0.107 missing 1(<0.1) 0 (0.0) Systemic AB (not ivSDD) 2‐day delay 983 5 days Fig 3C 0 961 WCE Yes 5226 (66.4) 1469 (18.7) 0.56 (0.36, 0.89) 0.015 1 knot No 2645 (33.6) 6403 (81.3) Ref missing 1 (0.01) 0 (0.0) 4 73 Risk factors for VAP using flexible methods
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