No. of patients % of patients No. of infections Prevalence of infections (95% CI) Length of stay until survey day 1‐2 days 8159 18.8 34 0.4 (0.3‐0.6) 3‐7 days 8552 37.6 242 2.8 (2.5‐3.2) 8‐14 days 4870 21.7 453 9.3 (8.5‐10.2) ≥15 days 5356 13.8 1205 22.5 (21.4‐23.6) CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit. a Unknown for 25 patients b Unknown for 50 patients c Unknown for 39 patients d Unknown for 363 patients Microbiology Escherichia coli was identied as the cause of SSI in 19% followed by Staphylococcus aureus (not specically meticillin‐resistant S. aureus) (17%). Pneumonia was most commonly caused by E. coli (15%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%) and S. aureus (14%). In patients with BSI, S. aureus (18%) and coagulase‐negative staphylococci (25%) were most frequently found whereas E. coli was cultured in 44% of patients with symptomatic UTI. At 63%, Clostridium difcile was the main pathogen causing gastrointestinal infections (C. difcile infection prevalence 0.2%). Table III: Percentage of patients infected with a specific nosocomial infection and range between hospitals. Infection type Number Infected patients 95% CI Range Total no. of patients 26.937 SSIa 464 4.8% 4.4‐5.2 0.0‐14.3 Pneumonia 298 1.1% 1.0‐1.2 0.0‐3.3 VAP 119 0.4% 0.4‐0.5 0.0‐1.9 Primary BSI 129 0.5% 0.4‐0.6 0.0‐2.5 CR‐BSI 90 0.3% 0.3‐0.4 0.0‐1.8 Symptomatic UTI 469 1.7% 1.6‐1.9 0.0‐6.5 Catheter‐related symptomatic UTI 344 1.2% 1.1‐1.4 0.0‐6.5 DISCUSSION Prevalence of infection and device use The NI prevalence of 7.2% (with 6.2% of patients infected) in Dutch hospitals was comparable with the infection frequencies found in most other recent European studies, although higher and lower prevalences have also been found.1–7 However, as many of these studies included asymptomatic UTIs, caution is required when making direct comparisons. Seasonal uctuations are known to occur for NIs but at present we cannot 5 97 Prevalence of nosocomial infections: first four national studies
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